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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Perianesth Nurs. 2020 Jul 11;35(6):564–573. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.002
1. Development of intolerable adverse events with current opioid
2. Lack of analgesia following dose escalation
3. The occurrence of drug-drug interactions
4. Patient displays drug-aberrant behavior(s)
5. Patient prefers an alternative route of administration
6. Financial limitations or access barriers to certain medications