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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 12.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jun 12;213:108115. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108115

Table 2.

Total numbers of heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analog and other novel synthetic opioid listings, main shipment origins, percentage shipped to the United States and associated unique vendor counts on DreamMarket cryptomarket during the eDarkTrends data collection period (22nd of March 2018 to 26th of January 2019)

Substances Number of Listings (TOTAL N=95,011) Percent of all listings Main countries of origin (% of listings) % shipping to the U.S.A. Number of Unique Vendors
Heroin 52,510 55.27% U.S.A., 27.0%; Germany, 22.1%; U.K, 13.8% 80.00% 532
“Synthetic Heroin” 1031 1.09% Canada, 97.9%; U.S.A., 2.1% 100% 30
Pharmaceutical Fentanyl* 301 0.32% Italy, 32.4%; Netherlands, 20.7%; Germany, 19.6% 59.90% 36
Non-Pharmaceutical Fentanyl
Non-Pharmaceutical Fentanyl 395 0.42% Australia, 38.3%; U.S.A., 29.5%; Canada, 21.8% 93.40% 33
Oxycodone Pills with Fentanyl* 123 0.13% U.S.A., 100% 100% 5
Fentanyl Analogs
Furanylfentanyl (Fu-F) 217 0.23% Slovakia, 66.1%; Germany, 21.0%; India, 1.9% 94.00% 5
Methoxyacetyl-fentanyl (MAF) 103 0.11% China, 39.1%; India, 32.6%; U.S.A., 26.1% 93.20% 12
4-Fluoroisobutyr-fentanyl (4-FIBF) 101 0.11% China, 63.6%; India, 36.4% 100% 4
Carfentanil 45 0.05% China, 52.5%; U.S.A., 40.0%; Germany, 7.5% 100% 7
Butyrfluorofentanyl 35 0.04% China, 100% 85.70% 2
Precursors (4-ANPP, 4-APPP, APPP) 20 0.02% China, 100% 100% 1
Acetylfentanyl 13 0.01% U.K, 100% 100% 1
4-Phenylfetanyl 12 0.01% ND 100% 1
3-Methylmethoxy-acetylfentanyl (3-MMAF) 10 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
Butyrfentanyl (Butyrylfentanyl) 6 0.01% ND 33.30% 2
4-Methoxymethyl-fentanyl (R-30490) 4 0.00% China, 66%; India, 33% 100% 2
Orthomethyl-furanylfentanyl (o-Me-Fu-F) 2 0.00% USA, 100% 100% 1
Other Novel Synthetic Opioids
U-48,800 224 0.24% China, 64.3%; Australia, 3.1% 93.70% 13
U-50,488 106 0.11% China, 100% 100% 3
U-4TDP 100 0.11% China, 100% 100% 1
U-47,700 84 0.09% China, 79.8%; India, 3.6%; U.S.A., 2.4% 100% 6
Isopropyl-U-47,700 59 0.06% China, 8.5% 100% 1
MPF-47,700 42 0.04% China, 100% 100% 1
MP-47,700 37 0.04% China, 100% 100% 1
U-49,900 9 0.01% China, 66.6% 66.60% 2
U-58,800 6 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
U-47v700 4 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
AP-237 3 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 2
Bromadoline (U-47931e) 3 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
XIX-18 2 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
Etorphinecartanil 1 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1
FS-33 1 < 0.01% ND 100% 1
U-45,500 1 < 0.01% ND 100% 1
W-18 1 < 0.01% China, 100% 100% 1