Table 1.
Demography, Alcohol, and Drug Related Variables for Probands Meeting Criteria for Past 5-Year DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorders Overall and Divided into Denier and Non-Denier Subgroups
| Variables Proband | All Probands (n94) % or mean (sd) | Group 1 Deniers [n63, 67.0%] % or mean (sd) | Group 2 Non-Deniers [n31, 33.0%] % or mean (sd) | χ2 (df=1) or F-test (df=1,92) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||||
| Age | 49.8 (3.96) | 49.6 (3.963) | 50.2 (4.04) | 0.54 | 0.46 |
| European-American % | 98.9 | 100.0 | 96.8 | 2.05 | 0.15 |
| Ever Married % | 89.4 | 87.3 | 93.5 | 0.85 | 0.36 |
| Any Children% | 70.2 | 69.8 | 71.0 | 0.01 | 0.91 |
| Identify with a Religion % | 52.7 | 5106 | 5408 | 0.09 | 0.82 |
| Education (years) | 17.3 (2.32) | 17.2 (2.45) | 17.6 (2.05) | 0.16 | 0.69 |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Alcohol Dependence % | 52.1 | 42.9 | 71.0 | 6.58 | 0.01 |
| SRE-5 | 3.6 (1.34) | 3.6 (1.36) | 3.6 (1.30) | 0.00 | 0.97 |
| SRE-T | 4.8 (1.36) | 4.7 (1.42) | 4.9 (1.22) | 0.35 | 0.56 |
| Maximum Drinks/Occasion | 9.6 (4.48) | 8.6 (3.60) | 11.7 (5.36) | 10.67 | 0.01 |
| DSM-IV Criteria | |||||
| Number Items Endorsed | 2.5 (1.65) | 1.9 (1.03) | 3.6 (2.06) | 16.82 | 0.001 |
| D1. Tolerance % | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| D2. Withdrawal % | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 0.12 | 0.73 |
| D3. Drink Higher Amounts/Longer Periods % | 57.4 | 57.1 | 58.1 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| D4. Desire/Unable Decrease or Control % | 35.1 | 25.4 | 54.8 | 7.91 | 0.01 |
| D5. Much Time to Get/Use/Recover | 29.8 | 22.2 | 45.2 | 5.23 | 0.03 |
| D6. Decrease Activities Due to Alcohol % | 6.4 | 3.2 | 12.9 | 3.29 | 0.07 |
| D7. Use Despite Physical/Psychological Probs % | 18.1 | 6.3 | 41.9 | 17.76 | 0.001 |
| A1. Use Yields Failed Obligations | 19.1 | 12.7 | 32.3 | 5.13 | 0.03 |
| A2. Use in Hazardous Situations% | 43.6 | 39.7 | 51.6 | 1.20 | 0.27 |
| A3. Recurrent Legal Problems % | 1.1 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 2.05 | 0.16 |
| A4. Use Despite Social/Interpersonal Probs % | 28.7 | 15.9 | 54.8 | 15.41 | 0.001 |
| Drugs | |||||
| Smoking % | 17.0 | 12.7 | 25.8 | 2.53 | 0.12 |
| Use CB % | 30.9 | 30.2 | 32.3 | 0.04 | 0.84 |
| Drugs other than CB % | 9.6 | 7.9 | 12.9 | 0.59 | 0.43 |
| SUD CB % | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 1.22 | 0.55 |
| SUD Other Drugs % | 2.1 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 4.15 | 0.05 |
| Personality | |||||
| Karolinska Impulsivity | 20.9 (2.74) | 20.8 (2.64) | 21.1 (2.96) | 0.22 | 0.64 |
| Zuckerman Sensation Seeking | 21.6 (5.29) | 22.0 (5.14) | 20.8 (2.58) | 1.06 | 0.31 |
DSM-IV= Fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; df = degrees of freedom; SRE-5 and SRE-T = Self Report of the Effects of Alcohol for first 5 times drink and for Total; D1-D7 DSM-IV paraphrased dependence criteria in order presented in DSM-IV; A1-A7 DSM-IV paraphrased abuse criteria in order presented in DSM-IV; CB=cannabis; SUD = Substance Use Disorder; Probs=problems