Table 1.

Antibodies evaluated for immunoreactivity against formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded SARS coronavirus infected cell pellets by immunohistochemistry.

Antibody	Species and clonality	Source	Catalogue number	Immunogen	Suitability with antigen retrievals for detection				Optimal dilution	References
					pH 9	pH 6	Proteinase	No retrieval
Anti-SARS spike	Rabbit monoclonal	Sino biological	40150-R007	SARS-CoV spike S1 receptor binding domain	Yes	Yes, weaker than pH9	Non-specific	No	1:400–800	Not suitable in earlier report24
Anti-SARS nucleoprotein	Rabbit monoclonal	Sino biological	40143-R019	Recombinant SARS-CoV nucleoprotein	Non-specific	Non-specific	Non-specific	n/a	n/a	–
Anti-SARS nucleoprotein	Rabbit polyclonal	Sino biological	40143-T62	Recombinant SARS-CoV nucleoprotein	Non-specific	Yes	Yes	n/a	1:1000–1500	Used in cell pellet and animal tissues11, 24
Anti-dsRNA [J2]	Rabbit monoclonal	Absolute antibody	Ab01299-23.0	L-dsRNA	Yes	Yes, weaker than pH9	No	n/a	1:100	–
Anti-dsRNA [J2]	Mouse monoclonal	Scicons	10010500	L-dsRNA	pH 8	No	No	n/a	1:100	29
Anti-dsRNA [9D5]	Mouse monoclonal	Absolute antibody	Ab00458-1.1	RDV-RNA-methylated bovine serum albumin complex	No	No	No	n/a	n/a	–
Anti-FIPV	Mouse monoclonal	Invitrogen	FIPV3-70	FIPV	No	No	No	n/a	1:100	34

n/a not applicable, dsRNA double stranded RNA, FIPV feline infectious peritonitis virus.