Figure 5: Interneurons encode contextual information at the population level and rapidly modulate their activity in novel contexts.

A. Mice ran in a familiar context (belt ‘A’) twice and were then exposed to a new context (belt ‘B’).

B. Tuning curve correlation coefficients between contexts ‘A’ and ‘B’ (n = 1080 cells from 6 mice, one-way ANOVA, p < 10⁻¹⁰).

C. Context identity can be reliably decoded using a SVM classifier (n = 6 mice).

D. Correlations between A₁-A₂ (gray) and between A₂-B (green) for the different subtypes (n = 74 PVBC, 216 SomC, 64 BiC, 29 AAC, 19 CCKC, 73 IvC/NGFC from n = 6 mice, paired t-tests).

E. Difference (delta) between A₁-A₂ and A₂-B correlation coefficients (same n as K, one-way ANOVA, p = 0.96).

F. Average ΔF/F during running on each lap during the last 10 laps of A₂ and the first 15 laps of B. In belt B, paired t-tests between the first 5 and last 5 laps (same n as K).

G. Top: Velocity profiles during change of belt for n = 6 mice. Bottom: Average velocity quantification in last 10 laps of A₂, first 5 laps in B and last 5 laps in B (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.96).

H. Difference (delta) in ΔF/F between the last 10 laps in A₂ and the first 5 laps in B (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001 between groups). The decrease seen in belt B was also assessed by testing delta to a mean of 0 (one-sample t-test, P-value above each bar).

I. Depth distribution as a function of the change in activity (delta) for each subtype. Shaded areas represent bootstrapped confidence intervals.

J. Depth distribution as a function of delta for all interneurons (n = 660 cells), regardless of subtype identity. Interneurons in s.r. are less affected by the change of context (unpaired t-tests).

ANOVA tests are corrected for multiple testing using post hoc Tukey’s range test. Mouse averages are indicated by the black dots. Data are represented as mean ± sem. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.