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Four Nepenthes species employed in this study.
| Nepenthes (N.) species | Habitat | Altitudinal distribution | Environmental niche assigned |
|---|---|---|---|
| N. northiana | Limestone hills | 0–500 | Lowlander |
| N. rafflesiana | Open area, shady forest, offshore | 0–1500 | Lowlander |
| N. ampullaria | Damp, shady forest, swamp forest | 0–2000 | Lowlander |
| N. minima | Open grassland, with grey-yellow clay as substrate (highland grasslands of Central Sulawesi (Celebes) | 1000–1700 with most localities lying above 1400 masl | Highlander |
