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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2020 Oct 15;192:110346. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110346

Table 2.

Pooled effect estimates (βs)* and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of composite z-score for global cognition† per doubling increase in serum perfluoroalkyl concentrations among 903 adults 60 years and older.

β (95% CI) P value
PFOS
 Model 1a −0.001 (−0.040, 0.038) 0.97
 Model 2b −0.001 (−0.040, 0.038) 0.96
 Model 3c −0.009 (−0.049, 0.031) 0.66
 Model 4d −0.009 (−0.048, 0.030) 0.64
PFOA
 Model 1a 0.067 (0.009, 0.12) 0.02
 Model 2b 0.065 (0.008, 0.12) 0.02
 Model 3c 0.059 (0.001, 0.12) 0.05
 Model 4d 0.059 (0.003, 0.12) 0.04
PFHxS
 Model 1a 0.026 (−0.013, 0.064) 0.20
 Model 2b 0.026 (−0.012, 0.064) 0.18
 Model 3c 0.021 (−0.017, 0.059) 0.28
 Model 4d 0.021 (−0.016, 0.058) 0.27
PFNA
 Model 1a 0.065 (0.023, 0.11) 0.002
 Model 2b 0.066 (0.026, 0.11) 0.001
 Model 3c 0.057 (0.014, 0.10) 0.01
 Model 4d 0.057 (0.015, 0.10) 0.008

PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate.

a

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty-income ratio, health insurance, food security, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total recreational activity, and NHANES cycles. Complex survey designs were taken into account in the analyses

b

Model 2: Model 1 + smoking pack-years, serum cotinine (log-transformed)

c

Model 3: Model 2 + fish and shellfish consumption

d

Model 4: Model 3 + CKD status.

*

Estimates were pooled with 20 imputed data.

†

Global cognition was created by the average of the standardized z-scores of the four cognitive tests (CERAD Word List Learning Test, CERAD Word List Recall Test, Animal Fluency Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test).