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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2020 Oct 15;192:110346. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110346

Table 3.

Pooled effect estimates (βs)* and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of composite z-score for global cognition† per doubling increase in serum perfluoroalkyl concentrations among 613 adults without chronic kidney disease.

β (95% CI) P value
PFOS
 Model 1a −0.036 (−0.079, 0.007) 0.10
 Model 2b −0.037 (−0.081, 0.006) 0.09
 Model 3c −0.055 (−0.097, −0.012) 0.01
PFOA
 Model 1a 0.043 (−0.039, 0.13) 0.30
 Model 2b 0.037 (−0.047, 0.12) 0.39
 Model 3c 0.023 (−0.060, 0.11) 0.59
PFHxS
 Model 1a 0.007 (−0.047, 0.060) 0.81
 Model 2b 0.004 (−0.048, 0.055) 0.89
 Model 3c −0.005 (−0.055, 0.046) 0.85
PFNA
 Model 1a 0.037 (−0.009, 0.084) 0.12
 Model 2b 0.036 (−0.010, 0.082) 0.13
 Model 3c 0.016 (−0.025, 0.058) 0.44

PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonale; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate.

a

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty-income ratio, health insurance, food security, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total recreational activity, and NHANES cycles. Complex survey designs were taken into account in the analyses

b

Model 2: Model 1 + smoking pack-years, serum cotinine (log-transformed)

c

Model 3: Model 2 + fish and shellfish consumption.

*

Estimates were pooled with 20 imputed data.

†

Global cognition was created by the average of the standardized z-scores of the four cognitive tests (CERAD Word List Learning Test, CERAD Word List Recall Test, Animal Fluency Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test).