Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of TMVR patients.
| Variables | Overall n = 849 | Development cohortn = 636 | Validation cohortn = 213 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 74.8 ± 12.5 | 74.6 ± 12.6 | 75.2 ± 12.2 | .598 |
| Female | 376 (44.3) | 276 (43.4) | 100 (47.0) | .410 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 658 (77.5) | 485 (76.3) | 173 (81.2) | .160 |
| African American | 53 (6.2) | 39 (6.1) | 14 (6.6) | .947 |
| Hispanic | 68 (8.0) | 56 (8.8) | 12 (5.6) | .184 |
| Underweight | § | § | § | .435 |
| Smoking | 263 (31.0) | 209 (32.9) | 54 (25.4) | .049 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 466 (54.9) | 337 (53.0) | 129 (60.6) | .065 |
| Known CAD | 524 (61.7) | 381 (60.0) | 143 (67.1) | .070 |
| Prior MI | 124 (14.6) | 102 (16.0) | 22 (10.3) | .054 |
| Prior PCI | 132 (15.6) | 103 (16.2) | 29 (13.6) | .430 |
| Prior CABG | 208 (24.5) | 149 (23.4) | 59 (27.7) | .245 |
| Prior TIA/Stroke | 130 (15.3) | 95 (14.9) | 35 (16.4) | .679 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 488 (57.5) | 364 (57.2) | 124 (58.2) | .864 |
| Acute heart failure | 14 (2.0) | 11 (2.0) | § | .994 |
| Carotid artery disease | 17 (2.0) | § | § | .206 |
| Prior ICD | 91 (10.7) | 65 (10.2) | 26 (12.2) | .495 |
| Prior PPM | 100 (11.8) | 72 (11.3) | 28 (13.2) | .828 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 281 (33.1) | 202 (31.8) | 79 (37.1) | .178 |
| ESRD | 30 (3.5) | 21 (3.3) | § | .676 |
| Elective admission | 623 (73.4) | .299 | ||
| Primary payer | ||||
| Medicare | 682 (80.3) | .750 | ||
| Medicaid | 36 (4.2) | 25 (3.9) | 11 (5.2) | .564 |
| Private insurance | 106 (12.5) | 79 (12.4) | 27 (12.7) | .999 |
| Income | ||||
| Quartile 1 | 185 (21.8) | 144 (22.6) | 41 (19.3) | .346 |
| Quartile 2 | 188 (22.1) | 136 (21.4) | 52 (24.4) | .409 |
| Quartile 3 | 243 (28.6) | 176 (27.7) | 67 (31.5) | .332 |
| Quartile 4 | 233 (27.4) | 180 (28.3) | 53 (24.9) | .379 |
| Elixhauser comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 608 (71.6) | 454 (71.4) | 154 (72.3) | .866 |
| Obesity | 73 (8.6) | 54 (8.5) | 19 (8.9) | .958 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 103 (12.1) | 71 (11.2) | 32 (15.0) | .170 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 294 (34.6) | 216 (34.0) | 78 (36.6) | .534 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 230 (27.1) | 168 (26.4) | 62 (29.1) | .499 |
| Liver disease | 18 (2.1) | § | § | .268 |
| Alcohol abuse | § | § | § | .460 |
| Anemia | § | § | § | .678 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 213 (25.1) | 151 (23.7) | 62 (29.1) | .141 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; TIA, transient ischemic attack; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PPM, permanent pacemaker; ESRD, end-stage renal disease. §cells with tabulated data ≤ 10. The AHRQ confidentiality statute prohibits the use of HCUP data to identify any person (including but not limited to patients and physicians as well as other healthcare providers). The use of HCUP databases to identify any person constitutes a violation of this agreement and may constitute a violation of the AHRQ confidentiality statute and the HIPAA Privacy Rule. This agreement prohibits data recipients from releasing, disclosing, publishing, or presenting any individually identifying information obtained under its terms. The AHRQ omits from the dataset all direct identifiers that are required to be excluded from limited datasets as consistent with the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The AHRQ and the data recipient(s) acknowledge that it may be possible for a data recipient, through deliberate technical analysis of the datasets and with outside information, to attempt to ascertain the identity of particular persons. The risk of individual identification of persons is increased when an observation (i.e., individual discharge records) in any given cell of tabulated data is ≤ 10. This agreement expressly prohibits any attempt to identify individuals, including by the use of vulnerability analysis or penetration testing [11].