TABLE 1.
Demographics - 1992 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cohort working in 1972, employed in 1992, and not diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as of baseline survey1
| Characteristic | Frequency | Estimated Population Frequency (x 1,000) | Weighted % of all respondents (95% CI) | COPD cases | Subhazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 7,907 | 100% | |||
| Age | |||||
| 50–55 | 4,102 | 10,298 | 51.8 (50.5 – 53.0) | 652 | 1.00 |
| 56–62 | 3,805 | 9,602 | 48.2 (47.0 – 49.5) | 598 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 3,964 | 10,054 | 50.5 (49.6, 51.4) | 589 | 1.00 |
| Female | 3,943 | 9,846 | 49.5 (48.6, 50.4) | 661 | 1.15 (1.01, 1.30) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 6,214 | 17,146 | 86.2 (84.7, 87.6) | 1,024 | 1.00 |
| African American | 1,390 | 2,049 | 10.3 (9.1, 11.4) | 183 | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) |
| Other | 303 | 705 | 3.5 (2.9, 4.2) | 43 | 0.82 (0.59, 1.13) |
| Ethnicity (missing=1) | |||||
| Hispanic | 686 | 1,203 | 6.0 (4.7, 7.4) | 76 | 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) |
| Non-Hispanic | 7,220 | 18,696 | 94.0 (92.6, 95.4) | 1,174 | 1.00 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never smoker | 2,903 | 7,248 | 36.4 (35.0–37.8) | 242 | 1.00 |
| Current smoker | |||||
| 1–10 cigarettes per day | 681 | 1,525 | 7.7 (7.1, 8.3) | 150 | 3.22 (2.61, 3.97) |
| 11–20 cigarettes per day | 847 | 2,169 | 10.9 (10.0, 11.8) | 275 | 4.81 (4.04, 5.72) |
| >20 cigarettes per day | 531 | 1,392 | 7.0 (6.2, 7.8) | 194 | 5.32 (4.22, 6.72) |
| Former smoker | |||||
| 1–10 cigarettes per day | 904 | 2,156 | 10.8 (10.1, 11.6) | 86 | 1.21 (0.92, 1.59) |
| 11–20 cigarettes per day | 931 | 2,412 | 12.1 (11.4, 12.8) | 113 | 1.55 (1.21, 1.97) |
| >20 cigarettes per day | 1,110 | 2,997 | 15.1 (14.0, 16.1) | 190 | 2.23 (1.82, 2.73) |
| Household Income | |||||
| <$25k | 1,198 | 2,578 | 13.0 (11.8, 14.1) | 242 | 2.01 (1.65, 2.45) |
| $25k–$50k | 1,579 | 3,766 | 18.9 (17.3, 20.5) | 298 | 1.85 (1.58, 2.16) |
| $50k–$100k | 2,600 | 6,627 | 33.3 (31.9, 34.7) | 414 | 1.46 (1.25, 1.70) |
| >$100k | 2,530 | 6,928 | 34.8 (32.7, 37.0) | 296 | 1.00 |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 1,883 | 4,051 | 20.4 (18.9, 21.8) | 385 | 2.22 (1.81, 2.71) |
| GED/High-school graduate | 2,993 | 7,678 | 38.6 (37.1, 40.0) | 475 | 1.56 (1.28, 1.92) |
| Some college | 1,570 | 4,110 | 20.7 (19.6, 21.8) | 234 | 1.44 (1.15, 1.79) |
| College and above | 1,461 | 4,060 | 20.4 (18.4, 22.4) | 156 | 1.00 |
Italics indicate statistically significant results.
CI = confidence interval
1
Participants were also required to have responded to at least one follow-up survey