Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Total WSHS-1 sample (N=1504) | Primary analysis sample (N=726) | Primary analysis sample at final visit (N=726) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (standard deviation) or N (%) | Mean (standard deviation) or N (%) | Mean (standard deviation) or N (%) | |
| Age, years | 44.7 (11.1) | 46.1 (10.3) | 53.6 (10.3) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 876 (58.2%) | 422 (58.1%) | 422 (58.1%) |
| Race | |||
| White, N (%) | 1258 (83.9%) | 608 (83.8%) | 607 (83.6%) |
| African-American, N (%) | 204 (13.6%) | 100 (13.8%) | 105 (14.5%) |
| Other, N (%) | 42 (2.7%) | 18 (2.4%) | 14 (1.9%) |
| Study site | |||
| Madison, N (%) | 883 (58.7%) | 430 (58.6%) | 430 (58.6%) |
| Milwaukee, N (%) | 621 (41.3%) | 304 (41.4%) | 304 (41.4%) |
| Cigarettes/day | 21.4 (8.9) | 20.9 (8.7) | 9.3 (10.0) |
| Smoking heaviness, pack-years | 29.4 (20.4) | 29.7 (19.2) | 15.9 (19.2) |
| Weight, kg | 83.7 (20.5) | 84.0 (20.0) | 87.6 (22.0) |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 29.0 (6.5) | 29.1 (6.3) | 30.3 (6.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119.4 (14.4) | 119.3 (14.0) | 127.0 (16.3) |
| Antihypertensive medication, N (%) | 73 (4.9%) | 43 (6.0%) | 242 (34.7%) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 184.1 (35.5) | 185.7 (34.9) | 200.9 (40.9) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 42.0 (13.6) | 42.6 (14.0) | 52.5 (17.3) |
| *Triglycerides, mg/dL | 120.9 (1.7) | 123.4 (1.7) | 128.1 (1.7) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 119.0 (30.6) | 119.4 (29.7) | 118.4 (35.8) |
| Lipid-lowering medication, N (%) | 60 (4.0%) | 36 (5.0%) | 170 (24.4%) |
| Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 91 (6.1%) | 40 (5.6%) | 94 (13.8%) |
| Hemoglobin A1C, % | 5.57 (0.6) | 5.59 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.8) |
| Antiglycemic medication, N (%) | 35 (2.3%) | 17 (2.3%) | 58 (8.3%) |
| Carotid intima-media thickness, mm | 0.67 (0.15) | 0.64 (0.16) | 0.73 (0.18) |
| Carotid plaque presence, N (%) | 805 (55.1%) | 399 (55.0%) | 516 (71.1%) |
| Carotid plaque score, plaques | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.6 (2.0) | 2.6 (2.6) |
*
Geometric mean (standard deviation, log10 triglycerides)