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. 2020 Dec 14;10:21907. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78925-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean and percent change in Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints (DAS28-CRP). (A) Comparisons between patients with (Switch) and without (Naïve) previous targeted DMARDs (biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in paired Student’s t test, compared to baseline. (B) Comparisons between naïve, patients with only 1, and patients with ≥ 2 previous targeted DMARDs. ^†p < 0.05 in one-way ANOVA. n.s. not significant in post-hoc Bonferroni test. (C) Comparisons between patients without (Naïve) and with previous tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), non-TNFi (IL-6 receptor inhibitors or abatacept), and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi). ^††p < 0.01 in one-way ANOVA. ⁺p < 0.05, ⁺⁺p < 0.01 in post-hoc Bonferroni test, compared to naïve.