Table 1.
Demographics and outcome
| Demographics | Total population (n = 391) | Age < 25 (n = 76, 19%) |
Age 25–49 (n = 142, 36%) |
Age 50–69 (n = 101, 26%) |
Age ≥ 70 (n = 72, 18%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46 (28–62) | |||||
| Male gender | 272 (70) | 56 (74) | 105 (74) | 74 (74) | 37(51) | 0.005* |
| Blunt MOI | 373 (95) | 73 (96) | 134 (94) | 95 (95) | 71 (99) | 0.50 |
| Urgent laparotomy | 95 (24) | 24 (32) | 41 (29) | 21 (21) | 11(15) | 0.007* |
| Pelvic fracture | 119 (30) | 25 (33) | 44 (31) | 31 (31) | 19 (26) | 0.42 |
| Urgent surgery ≤ 24 h | 249 (64) | 52 (68) | 96 (68) | 60 (59) | 41 (57) | 0.18 |
| ISS | 29 (22–36) | 31 (25–36) | 29 (22–38) | 29 (22–37) | 29 (20–35) | 0.35 |
| AIS head | 3 (1–4) | 3 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.16 |
| AIS face | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.71 |
| AIS chest | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.91 |
| AIS abdomen | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | < 0.001* |
| AIS extr/pelvis | 2 (0–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.047* |
| AIS external | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.41 |
| Physiology and resuscitation | ||||||
| SBP_ED (mmHg) | 120 (97–139) | 121 (102–135) | 120 (100–137) | 120 (93–143) | 116 (82–145) | 0.63 |
| SBP ≤ 90_ED | 82 (21) | 8 (11) | 28 (20) | 24 (24) | 22 (31) | 0.002* |
| Hb_ED (mmol/L) | 8.0 (7.2–8.9) | 8.0 (7.2–8.9) | 8.2 (7.4–9.2) | 8.2 (7.2–8.9) | 7.2 (6.5–8.0) | 0.005* |
| pH in ED | 7.31 (7.25–7.36) | 7.31 (7.25–7.37) | 7.31 (7.24–7.35) | 7.31 (7.27–7.36) | 7.31 (7.21–7.38) | 0.45 |
| BD_ED (mmol/L) | 3.0 (0.0–6.0) | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–7.5) | 2.0 (0.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–7.3) | 0.20 |
| PT_ED (sec) | 14.9 (13.3–17.1) | 16.0 (14.3–18.4) | 14.5 (13.2–16.1) | 14.3 (12.7–16.1) | 15.1 (13.4–18.5) | 0.21 |
| SBP_ICU (mmHg) | 119 (105–135) | 120 (112–132) | 119 (104–132) | 119 (105–137) | 116 (100–139) | 0.82 |
| Hb_ICU (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.8–8.3) | 7.6 (7.0–8.4) | 7.8 (7.0–8.3) | 7.5 (6.8–8.5) | 7.1 (6.2–7.8) | 0.07 |
| pH_ICU | 7.33 (7.28–7.38) | 7.34 (7.30–7.38) | 7.33 (7.27–7.38) | 7.34 (7.30–7.38) | 7.33 (7.27–7.38) | 0.71 |
| BD_ICU (mmol/L) | 4.0 (1.9–6.3) | 3.5 (2.0–5.8) | 4.2 (2.3–6.4) | 3.5 (1.2–5.7) | 4.4 (2.0–7.6) | 0.79 |
| UO_ICU (ml/hr) | 150 (80–320) | 175 (83–380) | 150 (98–300) | 150 (80–285) | 133 (68–400) | 0.07 |
| PRBC ≥ 10 ≤ 24 h | 39 (10) | 9 (12) | 14 (10) | 10 (10) | 6 (8) | 0.89 |
| Outcome | ||||||
| Ventilator days | 6 (2–11) | 5 (2–10) | 5 (2–10) | 7 (2–11) | 7 (2–12) | 0.62 |
| Vent free days | 12 (4–19) | 12 (6–18) | 14 (7–19) | 13 (4–19) | 4 (0–16) | 0.046* |
| ICU LOS (days) | 7 (3–13) | 6 (3–12) | 6 (3–12) | 8 (4–14) | 9 (3–15) | 0.22 |
| H-LOS (days) | 20 (11–31) | 19 (10–30) | 20 (13–31) | 21 (13–32) | 14 (7–31) | 0.71 |
| MODS | 62 (16) | 7 (9) | 21 (15) | 20 (20) | 14 (19) | 0.21 |
| ARDS | 16 (4) | 3 (4) | 6 (4) | 5 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.82 |
| Infectious complications | 165 (42) | 26 (34) | 59 (42) | 50 (50) | 30 (42) | 0.22 |
| Thrombo-embolic complications | 26 (7) | 3 (4) | 15 (11) | 6 (6) | 2 (3) | 0.39 |
| Mortality | 74 (19) | 12 (16) | 14 (10) | 14 (14) | 34 (47) | < 0.001* |
Data are expressed as absolute numbers (%) or medians (IQR)
MOI Mechanism of Injury, ISS Injury Severity Score, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ED Emergency Department, SBP systolic blood pressure, Hb hemoglobin, BD Base Deficit, PT prothrombin time, UO urinary output, PRBC packed red blood cells, vent free days ventilator free days, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, H-LOS hospital length of stay, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, ARDS Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
*Statistically significant