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. 2020 Dec 9;6(12):e05695. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05695

Table 1.

Psychological distress symptoms differences between participants based on their demographics (n = 456).

Characteristic N % Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Mean (SE) t P Mean (SE) t P Mean (SE) t P
Sex
Male 148 32.5 8.7 (.48) -.87 .39 5.0 (.40) -2.24 .026 9.0 (.47) -2.21 .028
Female
308
67.5
9.2 (.32)


6.1 (.29)


10.24 (.32)


Seniority in School
Lower Division 203 44.5 8.8 (.40) -.86 .39 5.7 (.35) -.23 .82 9.7 (.40) -.27 .79
Upper Division
253
55.5
9.2 (.35)


5.8 (32)


9.9 (35)


Smoking
No 350 76.8 8.9 (.30) -1.42 .16 5.6 (.26) -1.14 .26 9.7 (.30) -.97 .33
Yes 106 23.2 9.7 (.59) 6.3 (.53) 10.3

N: number of participants, t: t-test value, p: significance level, SE: standard error.