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. 2020 Dec 14;10:21837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78651-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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UPEC virulence factors associated with IL-1β release. Neutrophils were infected with UPEC strain CFT073, CFT073Δpap, CFT073ΔfimH, CFT073ΔTcpC or CFT073ΔhlyA at MOI 1 (A,B) or MOI 10 (C,D) for 3 h (A,C) and 6 h (B,D) followed by analysis of IL-1β release. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments). Asterisks over bars denote statistical significance compared to respective unstimulated control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).