Figure 1. Overview of Study Design, Conducted for Each Cohort.

MBSR indicates mindfulness-based stress reduction.

^aTrained study team members conducted the phone screens, including the principal investigator, master’s-level students, and undergraduate students.

^bParticipants were initially required to be migraine-free for 48 hours prior to each study visit, but to complete the study, this was changed (after cohort 1’s 12-week study visit) to migraine-free the day of study visits (given that participants’ headache frequencies could be up to 20 days per month). See details in Supplement 2.

^cQuestionnaires were completed in-person at the screening visit and in-person or remotely for follow-up visits (when headache-free).

^dAll quantitative sensory testing (QST) assessments were in-person, with confirmation of no pain relieving medications taken within 12 hours.

^eThis run-in period confirmed ability to maintain daily headache log and confirmed eligibility criteria (assessment of migraine frequency and exclusion for medication overuse headache).

^fQualitative interview results will be reported elsewhere.