Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 14;181(3):317–328. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7090

Figure 3. Changes in Well-Being and Experimental Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness Between Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Headache Education.

Figure 3.

FFM indicates Five Facet Mindfulness; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7; HIT-6, Headache Impact Test; HMSE, Headache Management Self-Efficacy; MIDAS, Migraine Disability Assessment, one month; MSQv2.1, Migraine Specific Quality of Life; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression.

A, Point estimates of Cohen d effect size differences between treatment groups with 95% CIs, with positive directional effect indicating an improvement in MBSR relative to headache education for each measure. HIT-6 displayed at 3 time points due to a significant treatment-visit interaction. All other instrument treatment effect measures did not significantly differ across visits (P > .05). Cohen d effect sizes of 0.2 are considered small, 0.5 medium, 0.8 large, and 1.2 very large.62,63 B, Experimental pain measured with quantitative sensory testing, with visual analog scale range of 0-10.