Table 2.
NHS Health Check attendance
| Eligible for NHS Health Checks (N = 3 492 816) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted analysis - SMI exposure | Adjusted analysis – LTAD exposure | |||||||
| Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p value (Wald test) | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p value (Wald test) | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p value (Wald test) | |
| Exposure variables | |||||||||
| SMI | 1.24 | [1.20–1.29] | <0.001 | 1.05 | [1.02–1.08] | 0.001 | |||
| LTAD | 1.19 | [1.16–1.22] | <0.001 | 1.10 | [1.08–1.13] | <0.001 | |||
| Risk factors | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Women | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Men | 0.79 | [0.78–0.80] | <0.001 | 0.87 | [0.86–0.88] | <0.001 | 0.87 | [0.86–0.89] | <0.001 |
| Age band (years) | |||||||||
| 40–49 | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 50–59 | 1.07 | [1.05–1.10] | <0.001 | 1.19 | [1.17–1.21] | <0.001 | 1.19 | [1.17–1.21] | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 1.26 | [1.21–1.32] | <0.001 | 1.48 | [1.43–1.53] | <0.001 | 1.48 | [1.43–1.53] | <0.001 |
| 70–74 | 1.06 | [1.00–1.13] | 0.058 | 1.35 | [1.28–1.42] | <0.001 | 1.34 | [1.28–1.42] | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Indian | 1.23 | [1.11–1.37] | <0.001 | 1.26 | [1.14–1.39] | <0.001 | 1.26 | [1.14–1.39] | <0.001 |
| Pakistani | 1.31 | [1.12–1.52] | 0.001 | 1.42 | [1.23–1.65] | <0.001 | 1.42 | [1.23–1.65] | <0.001 |
| Bangladeshi | 2.30 | [2.02–2.63] | <0.001 | 2.57 | [2.26–2.91] | <0.001 | 2.57 | [2.26–2.91] | <0.001 |
| other Asian | 1.03 | [0.92–1.16] | 0.584 | 1.10 | [0.99–1.22] | 0.080 | 1.10 | [0.99–1.22] | 0.074 |
| Caribbean | 1.11 | [0.99–1.24] | 0.078 | 1.16 | [1.05–1.28] | 0.003 | 1.16 | [1.05–1.29] | 0.003 |
| black African | 1.10 | [0.98–1.23] | 0.093 | 1.21 | [1.11–1.32] | <0.001 | 1.21 | [1.11–1.32] | <0.001 |
| Chinese | 0.98 | [0.92–1.06] | 0.671 | 1.03 | [0.97–1.10] | 0.307 | 1.03 | [0.97–1.10] | 0.270 |
| other | 0.98 | [0.92–1.05] | 0.617 | 1.06 | [1.01–1.12] | 0.020 | 1.06 | [1.01–1.12] | 0.016 |
| not stated or recorded | 0.10 | [0.09–0.12] | <0.001 | 0.10 | [0.09–0.12] | <0.001 | 0.10 | [0.09–0.12] | <0.001 |
| Townsend index of deprivation (quintiles) | |||||||||
| 1 (most affluent) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 2 | 1.04 | [1.00–1.09] | 0.042 | 1.02 | [0.99–1.05] | 0.260 | 1.02 | [0.99–1.05] | 0.269 |
| 3 | 0.99 | [0.93–1.05] | 0.676 | 0.94 | [0.90–0.99] | 0.013 | 0.94 | [0.90–0.99] | 0.012 |
| 4 | 0.96 | [0.89–1.04] | 0.340 | 0.87 | [0.82–0.93] | <0.001 | 0.87 | [0.82–0.93] | <0.001 |
| 5 (most deprived) | 1.12 | [1.00–1.25] | 0.048 | 0.89 | [0.82–0.97] | 0.008 | 0.89 | [0.81–0.97] | 0.007 |
| not stated or recorded | 0.66 | [0.54–0.80] | <0.001 | 0.90 | [0.81–1.01] | 0.088 | 0.90 | [0.81–1.01] | 0.085 |
| Geographical regions | |||||||||
| East Midlands | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| East of England | 1.16 | [0.77–1.76] | 0.466 | 0.96 | [0.66–1.40] | 0.840 | 0.96 | [0.66–1.40] | 0.839 |
| London | 1.45 | [1.01–2.07] | 0.042 | 1.11 | [0.81–1.53] | 0.520 | 1.11 | [0.81–1.54] | 0.511 |
| North East | 0.99 | [0.61–1.59] | 0.960 | 0.96 | [0.64–1.45] | 0.854 | 0.96 | [0.64–1.45] | 0.852 |
| North West | 1.21 | [0.85–1.72] | 0.297 | 1.06 | [0.77–1.46] | 0.730 | 1.06 | [0.77–1.46] | 0.733 |
| South Central | 1.21 | [0.84–1.74] | 0.297 | 1.06 | [0.77–1.47] | 0.703 | 1.07 | [0.77–1.47] | 0.699 |
| South East | 1.00 | [0.67–1.49] | 0.998 | 0.87 | [0.62–1.24] | 0.456 | 0.88 | [0.62–1.24] | 0.459 |
| South West | 1.07 | [0.74–1.56] | 0.706 | 1.01 | [0.73–1.41] | 0.938 | 1.01 | [0.73–1.41] | 0.935 |
| West Midlands | 1.38 | [0.95–2.00] | 0.091 | 1.18 | [0.85–1.64] | 0.325 | 1.18 | [0.85–1.64] | 0.321 |
| Yorkshire & Humber | 1.20 | [0.77–1.87] | 0.410 | 1.02 | [0.68–1.52] | 0.935 | 1.02 | [0.68–1.52] | 0.939 |
SMI, severe mental illness; LTAD, long-term antidepressants; NHS, national health services; CI, confidence intervals.
SMI in comparison to no SMI and LTAD in comparison to no LTAD. Association with demographic factors using unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios. Bold font identifies statistical significance <0.01.