Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Dec 15;18:392. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01862-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Ways breastfeeding and human milk could prevent the establishment, proliferation, and/or selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among young children. Exclusive or predominant breastfeeding for an extended duration improves children’s defenses against pathogens and reduces their food- and waterborne exposures to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Human milk contains multiple components that could protect against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and reduce the lateral transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. The concentrations of some of these components are highest in colostrum, the earliest form of human milk. HMOs, human milk oligosaccharides; EVs, extracellular vesicles; miRNA, microRNA; AMR, antimicrobial resistance