Table 1.

Summary of the variables in the regression model

Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max	N	Description
Deaths	24.22	189.14	0	3,166	345	Counts of deaths due to COVID-19 in the district (median = 1)
Female	0.50	0.50	0	1	69,837	Male = 0, female = 1
Urban	0.29	0.46	0	1	69,837	Person’s residence is rural = 0, urban = 1
SC (Dalits)	0.19	0.40	0	1	69,837	Other groups = 0, scheduled caste (SC or Dalit) = 1
ST (Adivasi people)	0.14	0.34	0	1	69,837	Other groups = 0, scheduled tribes (ST or Adivasi) = 1
Smoking	0.35	0.48	0	1	69,837	Non-smoker = 0, smoker = 1
Ill-health	0.42	1.22	0	4	69,837	Confirmatory factor index of blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, cancer (0–4)
Low assets	0.23	0.42	0	1	69,837	The lowest quintile of wealth is coded as 1, and the four higher asset quintiles = 0
Obesity	0.04	0.19	0	1	69,837	BMI ≥ 30 at individual level = 1, others = 0
Underweight	0.14	0.35	0	1	69,837	BMI < 18 at individual level = 1, others = 0
Age 65+	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.12	345	The proportion of population of ages 65 + living in the district
Migration	0.09	0.04	0.02	0.32	345	The proportion of in-migrants (0–9 years) living in the district
Obesity%	0.04	0.03	0	0.14	345	The proportion of people living in the district with BMI ≥ 30
Underweight%	0.20	0.06	0.05	0.37	345	The proportion of people living in the district with BMI < 18

Sources (1) NFHS 2015/16 couples’ individual data; (2) deaths—howindialives.com (accessed on the 17th of June); (3) age 65+ and migration—Indian Census 2011, summaries at District level

Notes The reference category is coded as “0” in all cases