TABLE 1.
Relevant endocannabinoid signalling pathway candidates
| Molecule | Gene | Associated protein | Function | Ref. |
| Receptor | CNR1 | Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) | Primary receptor involved in endocannabinoid signalling | [23] |
| CNR2 | Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) | Primary receptor involved in endocannabinoid signalling | [24] | |
| GABRA2 | γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit α-2 (GABRA2) | Implicated in cannabis dependency | [38] | |
| GPR55 | G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) | Novel cannabinoid receptor | [26] | |
| OPRM1 | Opioid receptor μ1 (MOR1) | Implicated in cannabis dependency | [38] | |
| TRPV1 | Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) | Novel cannabinoid receptor | [25] | |
| Enzyme | ABHD12 | 2-AG hydrolase ABHD12 (ABHD12) | Degradation of 2-AG | [39] |
| ABHD6 | 2-AG hydrolase ABHD6 (ABHD6) | Degradation of 2-AG | [40] | |
| ADCY3 | Adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC) | Catalyses formation of cAMP | [41] | |
| AKT1 | AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT) | Regulates cell survival | [42] | |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) | Degradation of dopamine | [43] | |
| CYP2C9 | Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) | Metabolism of THC | [44] | |
| CYP3A4 | Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) | Metabolism of THC | [44] | |
| DAGLA | Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLA) | Biosynthesis of 2-AG | [57] | |
| DAGLB | Diacylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) | Biosynthesis of 2-AG | [57] | |
| DUSP6 | Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (MKP3) | Regulates MAPK signalling | [45] | |
| FAAH | Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) | Degradation of AEA | [46] | |
| FAAH2 | Fatty acid amide hydrolase 2 (FAAH2) | Degradation of AEA | [58] | |
| MAPK14 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) | Regulates cell survival | [47] | |
| MAP2K2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MAP2K2) | Regulates cell survival | [45] | |
| MAPK3 | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAKP3) | Regulates cell survival | [48] | |
| MGLL | Monoglyceride lipase (MAGL) | Degradation of 2-AG | [49] | |
| NAAA | N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) | Degradation of AEA | [59] | |
| NAPEPLD | N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD) | Biosynthesis of AEA | [60] | |
| NOS2 | Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) | Inflammatory mediator | [50] | |
| PIK3CA | Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 K) | Regulates cell survival | [42] | |
| PRKACA | Protein kinase-A (PKA) | Regulates cell survival | [51] | |
| PTGS2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) | Inflammatory mediator | [52] | |
| Other proteins | ABCB1 | P-glycoprotein 1 (p-GP) | Cannabinoid transportation | [53] |
| GNAI1 | Gi/o α subunit (Gi/o) | Coupled to cannabinoid receptors | [54] | |
| NRG1 | Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) | Mediates cell–cell signalling | [55] | |
| TP53 | Tumour protein p53 (p53) | Regulates cell survival | [56] |
2-AG: 2-arachidonoylglycerol; THC: tetrahydrocannabinol; AEA: anandamide.