Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Patients
| Variable | All (n = 301) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yr | 59.0 (46.6–67.1) |
| Males, n (%) | 156 (51.8) |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 29.8 (25.5–36.6) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 110 (36.5) |
| COPD, n (%) | 76 (25.2) |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 68 (22.6) |
| ARDS, n (%) | 72 (23.9) |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 120 (39.9) |
| Extrapulmonary sepsis, n (%) | 55 (18.3) |
| Aspiration, n (%) | 53 (17.6) |
| LIPS score, median (IQR) | 5.5 (4.0–7.0) |
| SOFA score, median (IQR)* | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mm Hg | 168.0 (117.0–205.0) |
| WBC, median (IQR), ×109 cells/L | 12.2 (8.9–17.0) |
| Plateau pressure, median (IQR), cm H2O | 20.0 (16.0–25.2) |
| Positive respiratory cultures†, n (%) | 73 (24.3) |
| Antibiotics before ICU admission, n (%) | 97 (32.4) |
| Antibiotics during ICU admission before sampling, n (%) | 254 (84.4) |
| Systemic steroids, n (%) | 110 (38.3) |
| Hyperinflammatory subphenotype, n (%) | 69 (22.9) |
Definition of abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR = interquartile range; LIPS = lung-injury prediction score; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; WBC = white blood cell count.
Data are presented as the median (with IQR) for continuous variables and as n (%) for categorical variables.
The SOFA score calculation does not include the neurologic component of the SOFA score because all patients were intubated and receiving sedative medications, impairing our ability to perform assessment of the Glasgow coma scale in a consistent and reproducible fashion.
Respiratory specimen cultures were defined as positive when pathogenic bacterial species were isolated by the clinical laboratory (semiquantitative reports). The denominator includes patients for whom respiratory specimen cultures were reported as negative (no growth or only normal respiratory flora detected, n = 152) as well as those for whom no cultures were obtained (n = 76).