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. 2020 Dec 14;39(24):e105896. doi: 10.15252/embj.2020105896

Figure EV5. COVID‐19‐caused changes in plasma metabolomics and clinical biochemistry associated with disease severity.

Figure EV5

  • A–C
    COVID‐19 severity was associated with plasma metabolomic phenotypes defined by all MS‐detectable lipidomic compounds (A), hydrophilic metabolites (B), and all NMR‐detectable metabolite signals (C).
  • D
    PCA scores revealed a variation in plasma metabolomic trajectory among healthy controls, patients with mild and severe COVID‐19, and upon discharge. The discharge group comprised all patients (mild and severe) that were recovered and discharged.
  • E–H
    COVID‐19 severities are associated with changes in levels of the compositional components of lipoprotein subclasses (E and F), lactate (H), lactate dehydrogenase (G) in blood plasma. Data in bar plots are represented as means ± SD. Control, n = 12; mild, n = 29; severe, n = 17; discharge, n = 16; Differences between groups were estimated using Student’s t‐test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. HDL: high‐density lipoprotein; IDL: intermediate‐density lipoprotein; LDL: low‐density lipoprotein; VLDL: very low‐density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; FC: free cholesterol; CE: cholesteryl esters; CH: total cholesterol (i.e., FC + CE); PL: total phospholipids; L5CE, L5FC, L5PL:CE, FC and PL in LDL5; L5:LDL5; LCE, LCH: CE and CH in LDL; LCE%, LCH%: percentages of LCE and LCH in total lipids of LDL; LPL: PL in LDL; L‐TG: TG in LDL; L2FC%: percentages of L2FC (FC in LDL2) in total lipids of LDL2; H1PL%: percentages of H1PL (PL in HDL1) in total lipids of HDL1; H1CH%: percentages of H1CH (CH in HDL1) in total lipids of HDL1; H2CE%: percentages of H2CE (CE in HDL2) in total lipids of HDL2; H2CH%: percentages of H2CH (CH in HDL2) in total lipids of HDL2; H4A1, H4CE, H4CH, H4PL: ApoA1, CE, CH and PL in HDL4; AU: The metabolite concentration of each sample was normalized using the average of the control group; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.