Table 6. Pre- and postscores and p-values of the post-hoc analyses of the other working memory components per group.
| Working memory | tDCS | pre (Standard
Scores) |
p (real
vs sham) |
post (Standard
Scores) |
p (pre vs
post) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phonological loop | |||||
| RBANS Language | real | 110.00 ± 6.82 | 0.352 | 116.00 ± 6.59 | 0.180 |
| sham | 102.29 ± 9.43 | 104.57 ± 11.43 | 0.863 | ||
| BNT | real | 0.34 ± 0.55 | 0.995 | 1.30 ± 0.67 | 0.015 * |
| sham | 0.27 ± 0.79 | 1.08 ± 0.30 | 0.060 | ||
| Semantic fluency | real | 82.50 ± 7.45 | 0.921 | 89.50 ± 11.01 | 0.416 |
| sham | 77.86 ± 18.21 | 88.43 ± 18.58 | 0.162 | ||
| Visuospatial sketchpad | |||||
| Raven # | real | 123.00 ± 4.21 | 0.999 | 124.50 ± 3.96 | 0.915 |
| sham | 123.43 ± 6.48 | 125.00 ± 6.14 | 0.920 | ||
| RBANS Visuospatial
Memory |
real | 115.88 ± 8.31 | 0.355 | 121.25 ± 6.11 | 0.452 |
| sham | 107.43 ± 12.78 | 110.86 ± 10.22 | 0.800 | ||
| Encoding | |||||
| RBANS Immediate
Memory |
real | 109.00 ± 8.98 | 0.986 | 124.25 ± 14.34 | 0.020 * |
| sham | 106.29 ± 17.31 | 113.00 ± 20.15 | 0.508 | ||
| Retrieval | |||||
| RBANS Recent
Memory |
real | 103.88 ± 11.19 | 0.943 | 113.75 ± 9.51 | 0.051 |
| sham | 106.71 ± 8.52 | 116.00 ± 9.87 | 0.094 | ||
* : p≤0.05
** : p≤0.01
Legend: tDCS = transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; BNT = Boston Naming Test; # = assumptions of the linear mixed model are violated.