Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Patient characteristics | Systolic HF cohort (N = 46,885) | Diastolic HF cohort (N = 21,854) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age on index date, mean, yrs (SD) | 66.1 (14.71) | 74.4 (12.24) | <.001 |
| Sex | <.001 | ||
| Male, N (%) | 28,906 (61.7) | 8764 (40.1) | |
| Female, N (%) | 17,979 (38.3) | 13,090 (59.9) | |
| Geographic region | <.001 | ||
| Northeast, N (%) | 8243 (17.6) | 3449 (15.8) | |
| Midwest, N (%) | 16,345 (34.9) | 8965 (41.0) | |
| South, N (%) | 14,078 (30.0) | 6353 (29.1) | |
| West, N (%) | 8205 (17.5) | 3084 (14.1) | |
| Other/unknown, N (%) | 14 (<0.1) | <10 (<0.1) | |
| Health plan type | <.001 | ||
| HMO, N (%) | 10,608 (22.6) | 5001 (22.9) | |
| PPO, N (%) | 33,250 (70.9) | 16,237 (74.3) | |
| CDHP, N (%) | 3025 (6.5) | 614 (2.8) | |
| Other, N (%) | <10 (<0.1) | <10 (<0.1) | |
| Medicare Advantage, N (%) | 9891 (21.1) | 6417 (29.4) | <.001 |
| Quan Enhanced-Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)b | 1.8 (2.06) | 2.4 (2.19) | <.001 |
| Provider specialty on index date | <.001 | ||
| Cardiologist, N (%) | 30,624 (65.3) | 11,465 (52.5) | |
| Primary care physician, N (%) | 8719 (18.6) | 5744 (26.3) | |
| Other, N (%) | 7013 (15.0) | 4403 (20.1) | |
| Unknown, N (%) | 529 (1.1) | 242 (1.1) | |
| Medical condition before HF diagnosis | |||
| Hypertension, N (%) | 31,574 (67.3) | 18,528 (84.8) | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 27,064 (57.7) | 14,704 (67.3) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 13,553 (28.9) | 7976 (36.5) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 8827 (18.8) | 5332 (24.4) | <.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, N (%) | 8546 (18.2) | 3723 (17.0) | <.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N (%) | 8148 (17.4) | 5881 (26.9) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disorder, N (%) | 7303 (15.6) | 5119 (23.4) | <.001 |
| Anemia, N (%) | 7265 (15.5) | 5253 (24.0) | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, N (%) | 6832 (14.6) | 5431 (24.9) | <.001 |
| Ischemic stroke, N (%) | 5744 (12.3) | 4057 (18.6) | <.001 |
| Myocardial infarction, N (%) | 5108 (10.9) | 1611 (7.4) | <.001 |
| Renal failure, N (%) | 4652 (9.9) | 4028 (18.4) | <.001 |
| Depression, N (%) | 4187 (8.9) | 3016 (13.8) | <.001 |
a
P value was calculated using χ2 test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
b
Quan Enhanced-Charlson Comorbidity Index was estimated using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions, Clinical Modification codes, by Quan et al.28
CDHP indicates consumer-driven health plan; HF, heart failure; HMO, health maintenance organization; PPO, preferred provider organization; SD, standard deviation.