. 2020 Oct 30;46(6):599–608. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3912

Table 2c.

Prevalence, crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR_crude/OR_adj) of maternal occupational exposure and congenital heart defects (CHD) in the offspring. [CI=confidence interval; d-TGA=dextro-transposition of the great arteries; LVOTO/RVOTO=left/right ventricular outflow tract obstruction; HLHS=hypoplastic left heart syndrome; P(v)S=pulmonary (valve) stenosis; CoA=coarctation of aorta; VSD=ventricular septal defect; ASD=atrial septal defect; AVSD=atrioventricular septal defect; APVR=anomalous pulmonary venous return; NC=not calculated due to sparse data]. BOLD indicates significant values (P<0.05).

CHD classification	Total	Pesticides exposure						Metal dust and fumes exposure

		N	%	OR_crude	95% CI	OR_adj ^a	95% CI	N	%	OR_crude	95% CI	OR_adj ^a	95% CI
Controls	5602	131	2.3	Ref		Ref		20	0.4	Ref		Ref
Total CHD	1174	34	2.9	1.25	0.85–1.83	1.20	0.79–1.81	12	1.0	2.88	1.41–5.91	2.40	1.09–5.30
Conotruncal	174	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
d-TGA	74	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Tetralogy of Fallot	60	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Truncus arteriosus	10	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
LVOTO	173	7	4.0	1.76	0.81–3.83	1.73	0.77–3.87	<5		NC		NC
HLHS	50	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Aortic stenosis	31	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Coarctation of aorta	42	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Bicuspid aortic valve	42	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
RVOTO	139	5	3.6	1.56	0.63–3.87	1.45	0.57–3.67	<5		NC		NC
P(v)S	104	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Pulmonary atresia	13	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Septal	544	16	2.9	1.27	0.75–2.14	1.20	0.69–2.09	6	1.1	3.11	1.25–7.78	2.47	0.92–6.64
Perimembranous VSD	117	5	4.3	1.86	0.75–4.64	1.80	0.70–4.61	<5		NC		NC
Muscular VSD	248	5	2.0	0.86	0.35–2.12	0.87	0.35–2.20	<5		NC		NC
Other VSD	78	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
ASD	98	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
AVSD	28	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
APVR	17	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Total APVR	11	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Complex	45	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Single ventricle	14	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
Associations
CoA + VSD	15	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC
P(v)S + VSD	19	<5		NC		NC		<5		NC		NC

Adjusted for child sex, maternal age at delivery (as continuous variable), education level, maternal BMI (as continuous variable), smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation, and fertility problems.