TABLE 4.
Matched Analysis of COVID-19 Positive and Negative Surgical Patients
| COVID-19 Positive | COVID-19 Negative | ||
| (N = 35) | (N = 35) | P-value | |
| Age median (IQR) | 61 (38–70) | 60 (44–72) | 0.96 |
| Male | 21 (60.0) | 17 (48.6) | 0.34 |
| ASA | 0.46 | ||
| 1–2 | 12 (34.3) | 12 (34.3) | |
| 3 | 13 (36.1) | 17 (48.2) | |
| 4–5 | 10 (27.8) | 6 (17.1) | |
| Any comorbidity | 26 (74.3) | 24 (68.6) | 0.60 |
| Functional status | 0.72 | ||
| Independent | 30 (85.7) | 31 (88.6) | |
| Dependent | 5 (14.3) | 4 (11.4) | |
| Urgency of procedure | 1.00 | ||
| Emergent | 12 (34.3) | 12 (34.3) | |
| Urgent | 23 (65.7) | 23 (65.7) |
| McNemar's Chi-Square Test | Exact conditional Logistic Regression OR (95% CI) | |||
| ICU admission | 13 (37.1) | 7 (20.0) | 0.0833 | 3.00 (0.75–17.23) |
| Serious complications | 20 (57.1) | 5 (14.3) | 0.0006 | 8.50 (2.02–75.85)∗ |
| Death | 6 (17.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.0253 | 6.73 (1.22-infinity) |
A nested 1:1 case-control study was conducted as the sensitivity analysis where each COVID-19 positive patient was matched to 1 negative control patient with a similar surgical procedure and ASA status as well as the difference of age within 10 years. McNemar Chi-Square test was used to compare the discordant pairs on the outcomes of ICU admission, severe complications, and death. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratio of outcomes of interest for the COVID-19 positive patients compared to negative controls. IQR, Interquartile Range.
∗
P-value <0.05.