TABLE 1.
Clinical Characteristics, Surgical Details, and Postoperative Course of Patients Without Preoperative COVID-19 (n = 501)
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 229 (45.7) |
| Female | 272 (54.3) |
| Age, mean ± SD | 56.6 ± 16.9 |
| 18–44, n (%) | 129 (25.7) |
| 45–64, n (%) | 192 (38.3) |
| 65–74, n (%) | 102 (20.4) |
| 75 or older, n (%) | 78 (15.6) |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 27.0 ± 6.3 |
| <18.5 (underweight), n (%) | 27 (5.4) |
| 30–40 (obese), n (%) | 118 (23.7) |
| 40 or greater (morbid obesity), n (%) | 21 (4.2) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 127 (25.4) |
| Dialysis | 33 (6.6) |
| Hypertension | 263 (52.5) |
| Heart disease (CHF, valvular, arrhythmia) | 100 (20.0) |
| Other cardiovascular disease (CAD, MI, PAD) | 93 (18.6) |
| Lung disease or moderate-to-severe asthma | 70 (14.0) |
| Liver disease | 38 (7.6) |
| Immunocompromised | 101 (20.2) |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 53 (10.6) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 58 (11.6) |
| Immunosuppressants | 70 (14.0) |
| Surgical service | |
| Cardiac surgery | 41 (8.2) |
| Gastroenterology | 1 (0.2) |
| General surgery | 158 (31.5) |
| Neurological surgery | 44 (8.8) |
| Obstetrics/gynecology | 47 (9.4) |
| Ophthalmology | 1 (0.2) |
| Oral/maxillofacial surgery | 4 (0.8) |
| Orthopedic surgery | 44 (8.8) |
| Otolaryngology | 19 (3.8) |
| Plastic surgery | 6 (1.2) |
| Thoracic surgery | 41 (8.2) |
| Transplant surgery | 16 (3.2) |
| Urology | 25 (5.0) |
| Vascular surgery | 54 (10.7) |
| Case urgency, n (%) | |
| Emergent | 129 (25.7) |
| Urgent | 372 (74.3) |
| Anesthesia type, n (%) | |
| General | 401 (80.0) |
| Local or regional | 100 (20.0) |
| Case length, min, median (IQR) | 108 (58–194) |
| Preoperative length of stay, d, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) |
| Postoperative length of stay, d, median (IQR) | 2 (0–5) |
| Postoperative steroids, n (%) | 65 (13.0) |
| Postoperative complications and outcomes, n (%) | |
| Intensive care unit | 107 (21.4) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 42 (8.4) |
| Sepsis | 28 (5.6) |
| Pressors | 58 (11.6) |
| Cardiac complication | 25 (5.0) |
| Pneumonia | 32 (6.4) |
| Surgical site infection | 12 (2.4) |
| Urinary tract infection | 21 (4.2) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 11 (2.2) |
| Renal failure | 33 (6.6) |
| Discharge to rehabilitation or nursing home | 45 (9.3) |
| Readmission | 38 (7.9) |
| Return to operating room | 31 (6.2) |
| Mortality | 14 (2.8) |
CAD indicates coronary artery disease; CHF congestive heart failure; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SD, standard deviation.