Table 1. Basic characteristics of participants by quartile of energy-adjusted total meat intake in the study population.
| Characteristic | Quartiles of total meat intake | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-value1 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-value1 | |
| Total participants (n = 87,507) | 10,018 | 10,018 | 10,018 | 10,018 | 11,859 | 11,859 | 11,859 | 11,858 | ||
| Age (years), mean ±SE2 | 58.5±0.1 | 57.3±0.1 | 56.8±0.1 | 57.0±0.1 | <0.001 | 59.0±0.1 | 57.7±0.1 | 57.2±0.1 | 57.3±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Total meat intake (g/d),3 mean ±SE | 17.5±0.1 | 38.4±0.1 | 58.7±0.1 | 106.4±0.4 | <0.001 | 16.8±0.1 | 38.1±0.05 | 58.1±0.1 | 104.2±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Red meat intake (g/d), mean ±SE | 14.3±0.1 | 31.9±0.1 | 49.8±0.1 | 92.9±0.4 | <0.001 | 13.6±0.1 | 31.5±0.1 | 48.7±0.1 | 90.3±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Beef intake (g/d), mean ±SE | 5.5±0.1 | 12.7±0.1 | 20.7±0.1 | 38.2±0.3 | <0.001 | 3.1±0.04 | 7.9±0.1 | 12.6±0.1 | 23.1±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Pork intake (g/d), mean ±SE | 7.3±0.1 | 16.2±0.1 | 25.4±0.1 | 50.4±0.3 | <0.001 | 8.0±0.1 | 18.2±0.1 | 28.4±0.1 | 56.7±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Processed meat intake (g/d), mean ±SE | 1.3±0.02 | 2.9±0.03 | 4.5±0.05 | 8.4±0.1 | <0.001 | 2.1±0.03 | 4.6±0.04 | 6.9±0.1 | 11.7±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Chicken intake (g/d), mean ±SE | 2.8±0.03 | 5.7±0.04 | 8.1±0.1 | 13.4±0.1 | <0.001 | 3.2±0.03 | 6.6±0.05 | 9.5±0.1 | 15.1±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 43.9 | 45.9 | 46.0 | 42.4 | <0.001 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake per week (g), mean ±SE | 263.4±3.1 | 224.7±2.6 | 191.1±2.3 | 133.3±1.9 | <0.001 | 18.0±0.8 | 16.3±0.6 | 13.6±0.5 | 10.7±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m^2), mean ±SE | 23.4±0.03 | 23.5±0.03 | 23.6±0.03 | 23.8±0.03 | <0.001 | 23.4±0.03 | 23.4±0.03 | 23.4±0.03 | 23.7±0.03 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/d), mean ±SE | 33.2±0.1 | 33.1±0.1 | 32.8±0.1 | 32.2±0.1 | 0.070 | 32.0±0.05 | 32.2±0.05 | 32.1±0.05 | 31.6±0.05 | 0.773 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 24.4 | 22.5 | 21.4 | 21.0 | <0.001 | 24.5 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 21.8 | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 8.8 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 | <0.001 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Total energy (kcal /d), mean ±SE | 2268.2±6.6 | 2248.1±6.1 | 2169.2±6.1 | 2002.1±6.1 | <0.001 | 1930.1±5.5 | 1914.1±4.9 | 1868.2±4.9 | 1741.3±5.0 | <0.001 |
| Other dietary intake3 | ||||||||||
| Vegetables (g/d), mean ±SE | 127.5±1.0 | 126.7±0.8 | 124.3±0.8 | 124.4±0.8 | 0.010 | 242.5±1.4 | 228.8±1.1 | 216.0±1.0 | 201.3±1.0 | <0.001 |
| Fruits (g/d), mean ±SE | 86.5±0.8 | 86.7±0.7 | 83.2±0.7 | 75.4±0.6 | <0.001 | 273.7±1.8 | 250.5±1.5 | 226.7±1.4 | 190.8±1.4 | <0.001 |
| Fish (g/d), mean ±SE | 66.9±0.5 | 68.8±0.4 | 72.2±0.4 | 72.7±0.4 | <0.001 | 82.7±0.5 | 83.4±0.4 | 85.0±0.4 | 82.7±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Egg (g/d), mean ±SE | 26.6±0.3 | 26.5±0.3 | 27.4±0.3 | 29.4±0.3 | <0.001 | 25.9±0.3 | 27.2±0.2 | 28.2±0.2 | 29.2±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Dairy products (g/d), mean ±SE | 76.0±1.0 | 67.9±0.8 | 64.3±0.7 | 60.4±0.7 | <0.001 | 226.7±2.1 | 209.1±1.7 | 186.3±1.5 | 166.2±1.6 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg/d), mean ±SE | 3850.5±14.1 | 3918.1±12.5 | 3990.6±12.4 | 4109.2±12.5 | <0.001 | 4458.3±14.1 | 4430.5±50.1 | 4399.8±11.8 | 4468.8±43.3 | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g/d), mean ±SE | 33.1±0.1 | 38.3±0.1 | 43.3±0.1 | 54.5±0.1 | <0.001 | 45.5±0.1 | 50.6±0.1 | 55.1±0.1 | 54.5±0.1 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: Q, quartile; MET, metabolic equivalents.
1ANOVA or chi-square test.
2 SE, Standard errors.
3 All mean total intakes of food and nutrients are energy-adjusted.