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. 2020 Dec 9;15:10029–10043. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S269169

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Characterization of modified substrates. (A) SEM imaging for exploring the morphological feature of PP/PDA and PP/PDA/ZIF-8 substrates. Images with higher magnification are shown as inserts. (B) XRD crystalline patterns of the PP, PP/PDA, and PP/PDA/ZIF-8 membranes compared to the simulated ZIF-8 coated sample and ZIF-8 database. (C) FTIR spectra obtained from PP, PP/PDA, and PP/PDA/ZIF-8 samples. Blue and green dash lines show characteristic peaks for ZIF-8 and PDA-PEI, respectively. (D) Water contact angle measurement and calculated surface free energy for PP, PP/PDA, and PP/PDA/ZIF-8. Each sample was assessed in three replicates for 10 seconds. Data is represented as mean ± SEM, * p<0.05. (E) 3D AFM topographical images and measured surface roughness values of PP, PP/PDA, and PP/PDA/ZIF-8 substrates. (F) Surface elastic modulus measurement for PP, PP/PDA, and PP/PDA/ZIF-8 substrates by PeakForce AFM. Individual values are presented for 256 samples/line in each specimen with the corresponding mean value.

Abbreviations: PP, polypropylene; PDA, polydopamine; PEI, polyethyleneimine.