TABLE 2. Health care use, interventions, and outcomes in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (N = 305), by age group and race/ethnicity* — eight hospitals, Georgia, March 2020.
| Characteristic of hospitalization | Total no. (%) (N = 305) | Age group (yrs) |
Race/Ethnicity*,† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) |
P-value§ | No. (%) |
P-value§ | |||||
| 18–49 (n = 89) | 50–64 (n = 99) | ≥65 (n = 117) | Black (n = 247) | Other (n = 50) | ||||
|
Health care use
| ||||||||
| Median hospital duration, days¶ |
8.5 (5.0–14.0) |
7.0 (4.3–11.8) |
8.0 (5.0–12.8) |
10.0 (6.0–16.0) |
0.001 |
8.0 (5.0–13.8) |
8.0 (4.0–14.0) |
0.084 |
| Any supplemental oxygen |
232 (76.1) |
58 (65.2) |
70 (70.7) |
104 (88.9) |
<0.001 |
186 (75.3) |
40 (80.0) |
0.59 |
| Nasal cannula |
220 (72.1) |
57 (64.0) |
67 (67.7) |
96 (82.1) |
0.007 |
177 (71.7) |
37 (74.0) |
0.86 |
| Noninvasive ventilation |
11 (3.6) |
2 (2.2) |
4 (4.0) |
5 (4.3) |
0.80 |
10 (4.0) |
0 (—) |
0.22 |
| High-flow nasal cannula |
69 (22.6) |
13 (14.6) |
17 (17.2) |
39 (33.3) |
0.002 |
55 (22.3) |
14 (28.0) |
0.37 |
|
ICU admission and interventions
| ||||||||
| Admitted to ICU |
119 (39.0) |
24 (27.0) |
32 (32.3) |
63 (53.8) |
<0.001 |
96 (38.9) |
21 (42.0) |
0.75 |
| Median ICU duration, days¶ |
8.0 (5.0–12.0) |
7.0 (4.0–14.0) |
8.0 (6.0–11.0) |
9.0 (5.0–12.0) |
0.74 |
8.0 (5.0–12.0) |
9.0 (6.0–11.0) |
0.92 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation |
92 (30.2) |
17 (19.1) |
27 (27.3) |
48 (41.0) |
0.003 |
75 (30.4) |
16 (32.0) |
0.87 |
| Median ventilator days¶ |
9.0 (5.0–12.0) |
8.5 (5.0–13.3) |
9.0 (5.5–10.5) |
10.0 (6.0–12.0) |
0.74 |
9.0 (5.0–11.5) |
9.5 (6.3–13.3) |
0.20 |
| Acute renal replacement therapy |
23 (7.5) |
2 (2.2) |
8 (8.1) |
13 (11.1) |
0.037 |
19 (7.7) |
3 (6.0) |
>0.99 |
| Vasopressor support |
84 (27.5) |
13 (14.6) |
21 (21.2) |
50 (42.7) |
<0.001 |
70 (28.3) |
13 (26.0) |
0.86 |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
13 (4.3) |
2 (2.2) |
3 (3.0) |
8 (6.8) |
0.25 |
11 (4.5) |
2 (4.0) |
>0.99 |
|
Outcome
| ||||||||
| Discharged alive |
233 (76.4) |
85 (95.5) |
83 (83.8) |
65 (55.6) |
<0.001 |
192 (77.7) |
34 (68.0) |
0.15 |
| Still hospitalized |
24 (7.9) |
1 (1.1) |
7 (7.1) |
16 (13.7) |
0.002 |
18 (7.3) |
6 (12.0) |
0.26 |
| Died** |
48 (17.1) |
3 (3.4) |
9 (9.8) |
36 (35.6) |
<0.001 |
37 (16.2) |
10 (22.7) |
0.28 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation or death** | 86 (30.6) | 16 (18.2) | 22 (23.9) | 48 (47.5) | <0.001 | 69 (30.1) | 16 (36.4) | 0.48 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range.
* Black was defined as non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; other includes all other racial/ethnic groups.
† Eight patients were excluded from race comparisons because race and ethnicity data were missing.
§ P-values were calculated using Fisher’s exact tests for proportions and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the Kruskal-Wallis H test for medians.
¶ Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR).
** Among 281 total patients who were no longer hospitalized, 88 (31.3%) were aged 18–49 years, 92 (32.7%) were aged 50–64 years, and 101 (35.9%) were aged ≥65 years; among 273 patients with available race/ethnicity data who were no longer hospitalized, 229 (83.9%) were non-Hispanic black, and 44 (16.1) were of other race/ethnicity.