Table 2. Detoxification enzyme (CYPs, GSTs, CCEs) and ABC transporter gene family size in A. lycopersici, T. urticae, M. occidentalis, and D. melanogaster.

Detoxification enzyme	A. lycopersici	T. urticae	M. occidentalis	D. melanogaster
CYPs (total)	23	78*	63	86
CYP2	1	38	16	7
CYP3	17	9	23	36
CYP4	2	26	19	32
Mito Clan	3	5	5	11
GSTs (total)	4	31	13	37
Delta/Epsilon	1	16	3	25
Mu	2	12	5	0
Omega	0	2	3	5
Sigma	0	0	0	1
Theta	0	0	0	4
Zeta	1	1	1	2
Unknown	0	0	1	0
CCEs (total)	8	69	44	35
Dietary class (clade A-C)	0	0	0	13
Hormone class
D (integument CCEs)	0	0	0	3
E (secreted beta-esterases)	0	0	0	2
F (dipteran JHEs†)	0	0	0	3
F' (chelicerate JHEs)	0	2	1	0
Neurodevelopmental class
H (glutactins)	0	0	0	4
J (AChE)	1	1	1	1
J' (Acari-specific CCEs)	0	32	19	0
J'' (Acari-specific CCEs)	0	22	15	0
K (gliotactin)	1	1	1	1
L (neuroligins)	2	5	5	4
M (neurotactin)	1	1	0	1
U (unchar. conserv. clade in Acariformes/L. polyphemus)	2	3	0	0
I (unchar. conserv. clade in insects)	0	0	0	2
No clear clade assignment	1	2	2	1
ABCs (total)	44	103	55	56
ABCA	4	9	8	10
ABCB-FT‡	3	2	1	4
ABCB-HT§	1	2	4	4
ABCC	9	39	22	14
ABCD	2	2	4	2
ABCE	1	1	1	1
ABCF	3	3	3	3
ABCG	16	23	2	15
ABCH	5	22	6	3
Unknown	0	0	4	0
Total	79	281	175	214

Numbers and class/clade/subfamily assignments were derived from previous studies (Grbić et al., 2011; Wei et al., 2020; Wu and Hoy, 2016) and this study.

*Of the 81 T. urticae CYPs identified by Grbić et al., 2011, three CYP genes (tetur46g00150, tetur46g00170 and tetur47g00090) and tetur602g00010 were considered as allelic variants and a pseudogene, respectively, and one new full-length CYP gene (tetur01g13730) was identified in this study.

^†JHE, juvenile hormone esterases.

^‡FT, full transporter.

^§HT, half transporter.