Table 3.

Summary of research areas, questions, and findings.

Research area and question		Supported (yes or no)?	Finding
Memory
	Is there evidence of a multimedia effect for CMIa on memory?	No	No differences in memory were observed between the text and text + images formats.
	Is there evidence of a modality effect for CMI on memory?	No	No differences in memory were observed between the text + images and narration + images formats.
Perceptions
	Do participants perceive one CMI format as more comprehensible?	Yes	Participants perceived the text + images format as the most comprehensible.
	Do participants perceive one CMI format as having more utility?	Mixed	The omnibus test was significant but there were no significant differences between the 3 formats after adjusting for pairwise comparisons.
	Do participants perceive one CMI as superior in terms of design quality?	Yes	Participants perceived the text + images format as the most comprehensible.
Preferences
	Do most participants share a most favorite CMI format?	Yes	Most participants selected the text + images CMI format as their most favorite and it ranked significantly higher than both the text and narration + images formats.
	Do most participants share a least favorite CMI format?	Mixed	Most participants ranked the text format as their least favorite, but there was no significant difference between the narration + images and text format rankings.

^aCMI: consumer medication information.