Table 1.

Results.

Measures				Intervention periods, mean (SD)		Control periods, mean (SD)		Mean difference (95% CI)		P value
Adherence outcomes
	Pill-count assessmenta			0.58 (0.38)		0.48 (0.35)		0.11 (0.04, 0.19)		.004
	Other
		Medication refill assessment	0.77 (0.35)		0.76 (0.34)		–0.01 (–0.06, 0.04)		.70
		DAI-10b	0.67 (0.23)		0.67 (0.22)		0.01 (–0.04, 0.06)		.73
		BARSc	0.71 (0.20)		0.68 (0.23)		0.04 (–0.01, 0.08)		.13
Secondary outcomes
	WHOd DASa,e			0.15 (0.19)		0.15 (0.19)		0.02 (–0.01, 0.06)		.19
	CGIf severity of illnessa,g			2.51 (1.23)		2.76 (1.24)		–0.26 (–0.50, 0.02)		.04
		Negative	2.41 (1.17)		2.98 (1.43)		–0.47 (–0.76, 0.19)		.001
		Positive	2.42 (1.19)		2.67 (1.55)		–0.47 (–0.76, 0.17)		.002
		Depression	1.9 (1.01)		2.11 (1.26)		–0.21 (–0.44, 0.01)		.07
		Cognition	2.44 (1.19)		2.85 (1.44)		–0.50 (–0.79, 0.21)		<.001
	CGI degree of changea,h			3.12 (1.16)		3.02 (1.08)		0.10 (0.00, 0.25)		.05
	686 Program
		Rehospitalization due to schizophrenia	43 (11.1)		25 (19.5)		0.58 (0.37, 0.91)		.02
		Deathi	0 (1.0)		3 (2.2)		N/A		N/A
		Suicidei	0 (0.0)		1 (0.0)		N/A		N/A
		Wandering	7 (1.7)		2 (1.5)		0.98 (0.23, 4.13)		.98
		Hurting people or smashing objects	2 (0.4)		6 (4.5)		0.11 (0.02, 0.54)		.006
		Getting into trouble	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		0.11 (0.04, 0.19)		N/A
		Self-harm	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)		–0.01 (–0.06, 0.04)		N/A

^aAdjusted for baseline covariates with imputation for missing data.

^bDAI: Drug Attitude Inventory. The score was rescaled as 0 to 1.

^cBARS: Brief Adherence Rating Scale.

^dWHO: World Health Organization.

^eDAS: Disability Assessment Schedule (range 0 to 1).

^fCGI: Clinical Global Impression.

^gHigher scores indicate worse symptoms (range 1 to 7).

^hHigher scores indicate less change (range 1 to 7).

ⁱThe numbers are for phase 3 only.