Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the total, derivation and validation datasets.
| Variable | Overall (n = 1,436) |
HFPGR-Derivation (n=248) |
HFPGR-Test (n=247) |
HF-ACTION (n=510) |
TIME-CHF (n=431) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69 (12) | 71 (11) | 71 (10) | 61 (12) | 76 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| Female sex | 397 (28%) | 72 (29%) | 77 (31%) | 100 (20%) | 148 (34%) | < 0.001 |
| MAGGIC (no BB) | 21.9 (7.30) | 18.8 (6.66) | 17.9 (7.29) | 20.9 (6.57) | 27.2 (5.24) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 30.3 (9.7) | 34.9 (10.7) | 37.3 (9.6) | 25.1 (7.1) | 29.7 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 (6.3) | 30.6 (7.0) | 30.8 (7.3) | 29.8 (5.8) | 25.4 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Heart Rate | 73 (13.7) | 70 (12.3) | 70 (12.9) | 70 (11.3) | 76 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (20) | 126 (23) | 126 (20) | 115 (19) | 118 (18) | < 0.001 |
| NTproBNP (ng/L) | 3837 (5099) | 3070 (3085) | 3079 (2916) | 1889 (2549) | 6473 (7216) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.28 (0.62) | 1.19 (0.63) | 1.17 (0.57) | 1.33 (0.75) | 1.34 (0.44) | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic | 849 (59%) | 135 (54%) | 140 (57 %) | 327 (64%) | 247 (57%) | 0.033 |
| COPD | 273 (19%) | 56 (23%) | 59 (24%) | 71 (14%) | 87 (20%) | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 450 (31%) | 86 (35%) | 98 (40%) | 127 (25%) | 139 (32%) | < 0.001 |
| History Hypertension | 730 (79%) | 215 (87%) | 211 (85%) | NA | 304 (70%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 104 (7.2%) | 15 (6.1%) | 22 (8.9%) | 32 (6.3%) | 35 (8.1%) | 0.432 |
| Peripheral Vascular | 167 (11.6%) | 14 (5.6%) | 25 (10.1%) | 41 (8%) | 87 (20.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 486 (34%) | 94 (38%) | 91 (37%) | 154 (30%) | 147 (34%) | 0.119 |
| Follow-up (days) | 887 (499) | 844 (642) | 785 (519) | 988 (380) | 852 (499) | < 0.001 |
| Any Beta Blocker | 1143 (80%) | 161 (65%) | 157 (64%) | 480 (94%) | 345 (80%) | <0.001 |
| Carvedilol | 472 (41%) | 66 (41%) | 45 (29%) | 279 (58%) | 82 (24%) | <0.001 |
| Metoprolol Succinate | 417 (36%) | 57 (35%) | 57 (36%) | 134 (28%) | 169 (49%) | |
| Metoprolol Tartrate | 127 (11%) | 34 (21%) | 44 (28%) | 49 (10%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Bisoprolol | 67 (5.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.3%) | 61 (18%) | |
| Other beta-blockers | 60 (5.2%) | 4 (2.5%) | 11 (7%) | 12 (2.5%) | 33 (9.6%) | |
| Proportion target dose | 0.36 (0.37) | 0.23 (0.29) | 0.22 (0.28) | 0.56 (0.43) | 0.28 (0.27) | <0.001 |
| Death | 332 (23.1%) | 53 (21.4%) | 36 (14.6%) | 78 (15.3%) | 165 (38.3%) | < 0.001 |
BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF-ACTION = the Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training; HFPGR = Henry Ford Heart Failure Pharmacogenomic Registry; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NTproBNP = N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TIME-CHF = Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure randomized trial.