Table 1.
The role of tumor-associated neutrophils in cancer.
| Function | Identification Markers | Tumor model | Experimental system | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor initiation | CD11b+ Ly6G+; MPO+ | Apc Min/+, Ah−CreER; Apc F/+ ; Pten F/F, K14−CreER;Kras G12D/+ spontaneous models, carcinogen induced model | Mouse, in vivo | (21) |
| CD11b+ Ly6G+ | Diethynitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma, nfkb1−/− | Mouse, in vivo | (22) | |
| Mpx | Gfap-KrasG12V astrocytes | Zebra fish larvae | (23) | |
| Tumor proliferation | NE | TE-1, TE-7, TE-8, TE-12, TE-13 | Human, in vitro | (24) |
| NE | loxP-Stop-loxP K-rasG12D | Mouse, in vivo | (25) | |
| CD11b+ Ly6G+ Ly6C+ | PC3 | Human, in vivo; human, in vitro | (26) | |
| Cytoplasic granule morphology MMP9+ | MMP-9−/− HPV16 model | Mouse, in vivo | (27) | |
| Proliferation Metastasis |
MPO | D2.0R | Mouse, in vivo | (28) |
| Angiogenesis | Chick heterophils, gradient centrifugation | Chick embryos with 3D collagen grafts | Chick, in vivo; Human, in vivo |
(29) |
| Ly6G+ | Chick embryos with 3D collagen grafts; PC3, L929, B16, LLC | Chick, in vivo; Mouse, in vivo, Human, in vivo |
(30) | |
| CD11b+ Gr1+ | EL4, LLC, B16F1, T1B6 | Mouse in vivo | (31) | |
| CD11b+ Gr1+ | RIP-Tag2 model; HM7 | Mouse, in vivo; human, in vivo | (32, 33) | |
| Invasion and migration | Gradient centrifugation | AsPC-1, HepG2, MDA-MB-468 | Human, in vitro | (34–36) |
| EMT | Gradient centrifugation, NASDCL, elastase | PDAC biopsies, T3M4, HuH7 | Human, patient samples; Human, in vitro | (37) |
| CD66b+ | MKN45, MKN74 | Human, in vitro | (38) | |
| CD66b+ | Lung carcinoma samples | Human, patient samples | (39) | |
| CD11b+CD66b+ | MCF-7 | Human, in vitro | (40) | |
| CTC proliferation | Ly6G+, Wright-Giemsa staining | BR16-GFP | Human, in vivo | (41) |
| Extravasation | CD11b+ | C8161.CI9, 1205Lu; A375, MDA-MB-231 | Human, in vitro | (42, 43), |
| Metastasis | Ly6G+ | 4T1 | Mouse, in vivo | (44) |