Table 2.
Association of stepwise regression selected 12 metabolites with prevalent and incident PD, as well as fasting glucose, 2 h-PPG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR at baseline (P < 0.05). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates provided from logistic regression and Beta (beta coefficient; effect size) from linear regression in the normalized metabolites.
| Metabolites | Prevalent PD | Incident PD | Fasting glucose | 2 h-PPG | HbAlc | HOMA-IR | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | Beta (95% CI) | P value | Beta (95% CI) | P value | Beta (95% CI) | P value | Beta (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Acylcarnitines (1) | |||||||||||||
| 1 | C18:1 | 1.67 (1.47, 1.91) | 2.36E−14 | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 0.66 | 0.18 (0.14, 0.22) | 2.45E−16 | 0.10 (0.06, 0.14) | 9.75E−06 | 0.00 (-0.05, 0.04) | 0.97 | 0.01 (-0.04, 0.05) | 0.77 |
| Amino acids (5) | |||||||||||||
| 2 | Ala | 1.73 (1.47, 2.02) | 1.29E−11 | 1.42 (1.08, 1.88) | 1.22E−02 | 0.21 (0.16,0.27) | 1.53E−15 | 0.19 (0.14, 0.24) | 1.09E−11 | 0.12 (0.07, 0.18) | 1.02E−05 | 0.19 (0.13, 0.24) | 3.22E−11 |
| 3 | Gly | 0.50 (0.43, 0.58) | 3.01E−20 | 0.71 (0.56, 0.90) | 6.00E−03 | -0.23 (-0.28, -0.19) | 2.00E−16 | -0.22 (-0.27, -0.18) | 2.00E−16 | -0.12 (-0.17, -0.07) | 9.69E−07 | -0.17 (-0.22, -0.13) | 4.39E−12 |
| 4 | Met | 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) | 1.20E−02 | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 0.75 | 0.01 (-0.05, 0.05) | 0.97 | 0.05 (-0.01, 0.10) | 0.10 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.12) | 1.89E−02 | -0.11 (-0.16, -0.05) | 2.27E−04 |
| 5 | Tyr | 0.84 (0.70, 0.99) | 4.43E−02 | 1.10 (0.78, 1.54) | 0.58 | 0.02 (-0.04, 0.08) | 0.51 | -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04) | 9.33E−04 | -0.04 (-0.10, 0.02) | 0.23 | 0.17 (0.11, 0.24) | 8.50E−08 |
| 6 | Val | 1.91 (1.61, 2.26) | 5.28E−14 | 1.47 (1.11, 1.94) | 6.77E−03 | 0.17 (0.11, 0.22) | 3.86E−09 | 0.23 (0.17, 0.28) | 9.40E−15 | 0.16 (0.10, 0.21) | 1,71E−07 | 0.11 (0.05, 0.16) | 3.51E−04 |
| Glycerophospholipids (4) | |||||||||||||
| 7 | lysoPC a C18:2 | 0.61 (0.53, 0.69) | 1.03E−13 | 0.59 (0.46, 0.74) | 1.50E−05 | -0.07 (-0.11, -0.02) | 2.11E−03 | -0.25 (-0.29, -0.20) | 2.00E−16 | -0.20 (-0.24, -0.15) | 2.00E−16 | -0.11 (-0.16, -0.06) | 2.68E−06 |
| 8 | PC aa C36:1 | 1.79 (1.53, 2.11) | 7.38E−13 | 1.07 (0.79, 1.54) | 0.68 | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) | 3.49E−05 | 0.09 (0.04, 0.15) | 6.08E−04 | 0.24 (0.18, 0.29) | 2.00E−16 | 0.10 (0.05, 0.16) | 2.23E−04 |
| 9 | PC ae C30:0 | 0.59 (0.51, 0.68) | 1.05E−12 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.81) | 4.02E−04 | -0.09 (-0.14, -0.05) | 1.06E−04 | -0.10 (-0.15, -0.06) | 2.15E−05 | -0.17 (-0.22, -0.12) | 1.09E−11 | -0.02 (-0.07, 0.03) | 0.45 |
| 10 | PC ae C42:1 | 0.56 (0.48, 0.66) | 6.60E−12 | 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) | 5.00E−02 | -0.14 (-0.19, -0.09) | 1.01E−07 | -0.12 (-0.18, -0.07) | 3,55E−06 | -0.15 (-0.21, -0.10) | 2.20E−08 | -0.15 (-0.21, -0.10) | 2.65E−08 |
| Sphingolipids (2) | |||||||||||||
| 11 | SM C18:1 | 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) | 5.58E−05 | 0.85 (0.60, 1.21) | 0.37 | -0.18 (-0.24, -0.11) | 7.67E−08 | 0.04 (-0.02, 0.11) | 0.21 | -0.04 (-0.11, 0.03) | 0.30 | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.06) | 0.81 |
| 12 | SM (OH) C22:2 | 1.65 (1.31, 2.08) | 1.74E−05 | 1.92 (1.31, 2.84) | 9.33E−04 | 0.09 (0.01, 0.16) | 1.93E−02 | 0.11 (0.04, 0.19) | 3.79E−03 | 0.14 (0.07, 0.22) | 3.11E−04 | 0.05 (-0.02, 0.13) | 0.17 |