Table 3. Hazard ratios for the incidence of cholelithiasis according to the three groups of urine protein level.

	Person-year	Incidence cases	Incidence rate (per 10,000 person-years)	HR (95% CI)a
				Unadjusted	Adjusted model
Urine protein level
negative	879,012	2,810	31.9	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
mild	16,479	59	35.8	1.12 (0.87–1.45)	0.97 (0.74 –1.26)
heavy	8,869	50	56.4	1.77 (1.33–2.34)	1.46 (1.09–1.96)
P for trend				<0.001	0.005
Age					1.04 (1.03–1.05)
Gender (female vs male)					0.95 (0.87–1.04)
BMI					1.055 (1.042–1.068)
Systolic BP					0.995 (0.992–0.997)
Fasting glucose					1.001 (0.999–1.002)
Total cholesterol					0.998 (0.997–0.999)
GGT					1.002 (1.002–1.003)
eGFR					1.001 (0.999–1.003)
Smoking amount, pack-years					1.004 (1.001–1.006)
Alcohol intake					1.125 (1.003–1.262)
Physical activity					0.967 (0.877–1.066)

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; HR, hazard ratio.

^aMultivariate adjusted model was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, systolic BP, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, GGT, eGFR, smoking amount (pack-year), alcohol intake, and physical activity.

Negative: urine dipstick proteinuria 0, mild: urine dipstick proteinuria 1+, heavy: urine dipstick proteinuria ≥2+.