Table 3. Multivariate odds ratios for cataract incidence according to total vegetable, cruciferous vegetable, green and yellow vegetable, and fruit intake category in men and women by smoking status.
| Men | |||||||
| Quartile category | P for trend | Interaction P-value | |||||
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Total vegetable intake | 0.31 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 2,360 | 2,597 | 2,875 | 3,212 | ||
| Number of cases | 41 | 53 | 67 | 73 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.68–1.58) | 1.06 (0.70–1.60) | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 0.78 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 5,330 | 5,139 | 4,857 | 4,462 | ||
| Number of cases | 84 | 87 | 75 | 80 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.67 (0.48–0.96) | 0.01 | ||
| Cruciferous vegetable intake | 0.67 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 2,581 | 2,706 | 2,829 | 2,928 | ||
| Number of cases | 53 | 56 | 61 | 64 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.57–1.24) | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) | 0.77 (0.52–1.14) | 0.23 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 5,110 | 5,039 | 4,899 | 4,740 | ||
| Number of cases | 80 | 77 | 83 | 86 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) | 0.71 (0.50–1.00) | 0.04 | ||
| Green and yellow vegetable intake | 0.16 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 2,337 | 2,588 | 2,830 | 3,289 | ||
| Number of cases | 41 | 50 | 66 | 77 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.67–1.58) | 1.18 (0.78–1.78) | 1.07 (0.70–1.63) | 0.67 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 5,311 | 5,148 | 4,886 | 4,443 | ||
| Number of cases | 91 | 82 | 73 | 80 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.74 (0.53–1.05) | 0.06 | ||
| Total fruit intake | 0.88 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 2,150 | 2,608 | 2,973 | 3,313 | ||
| Number of cases | 42 | 43 | 77 | 72 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.54–1.30) | 1.17 (0.77–1.76) | 0.94 (0.60–1.46) | 0.84 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 5,559 | 5,142 | 4,749 | 4,338 | ||
| Number of cases | 74 | 77 | 86 | 89 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 1.29 (0.92–1.81) | 1.32 (0.92–1.90) | 0.07 | ||
| Women | |||||||
| Quartile category | P for trend | Interaction P-value | |||||
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Total vegetable intake | 0.21 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 8,473 | 8,685 | 8,750 | 8,858 | ||
| Number of cases | 212 | 248 | 281 | 338 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) | 1.14 (0.95–1.38) | 1.27 (1.06–1.54) | 0.008 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 704 | 607 | 519 | 414 | ||
| Number of cases | 12 | 24 | 13 | 11 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 2.17 (1.05–4.49) | 1.12 (0.49–2.59) | 1.21 (0.51–2.88) | 0.89 | ||
| Cruciferous vegetable intake | 0.56 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 8,520 | 8,736 | 8,743 | 8,767 | ||
| Number of cases | 208 | 265 | 283 | 323 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.23 (1.01–1.48) | 0.07 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 711 | 553 | 551 | 429 | ||
| Number of cases | 13 | 15 | 20 | 12 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.59–2.79) | 1.77 (0.84–3.72) | 1.19 (0.51–2.75) | 0.46 | ||
| Green and yellow vegetable intake | 0.86 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 8,374 | 8,731 | 8,790 | 8,871 | ||
| Number of cases | 234 | 241 | 284 | 320 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | 0.24 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 688 | 563 | 508 | 485 | ||
| Number of cases | 14 | 17 | 16 | 13 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.49 (0.71–3.16) | 1.39 (0.64–3.00) | 1.00 (0.44–2.25) | 0.95 | ||
| Total fruit intake | 0.93 | ||||||
| Non-smokers | Number of participants | 8,375 | 8,754 | 8,813 | 8,824 | ||
| Number of cases | 223 | 247 | 298 | 311 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.82–1.21) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 0.07 | ||
| Smokers | Number of participants | 888 | 556 | 429 | 371 | ||
| Number of cases | 23 | 12 | 12 | 13 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.36–1.57) | 0.92 (0.43–1.98) | 1.26 (0.59–2.70) | 0.59 | ||
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, area, alcohol consumption, body mass index, fruit intake, supplement intake, and fundus photographic examination.
Model 2 was adjusted for age, area, alcohol consumption, body mass index, vegetable intake, supplement intake, and fundus photographic examination.