Table 4. Multivariate odds ratios for cataract incidence according to total vegetable, cruciferous vegetable, green and yellow vegetable, and fruit intake category in men and women stratified by age.
| Men | |||||||
| Quartile category | P for trend | Interaction P-value |
|||||
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Total vegetable intake | 0.03 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 5,917 | 5,663 | 5,251 | 4,652 | ||
| Number of cases | 42 | 44 | 45 | 50 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.70–1.68) | 1.11 (0.71–1.75) | 1.23 (0.77–1.95) | 0.39 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,179 | 2,434 | 2,846 | 3,445 | ||
| Number of cases | 86 | 102 | 106 | 119 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.71–1.31) | 0.79 (0.57–1.08) | 0.66 (0.48–0.92) | 0.005 | ||
| Cruciferous vegetable intake | 0.007 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 6,002 | 5,727 | 5,263 | 4,491 | ||
| Number of cases | 43 | 43 | 52 | 43 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.72–1.71) | 1.34 (0.87–2.06) | 1.36 (0.86–2.16) | 0.13 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,094 | 2,370 | 2,834 | 3,606 | ||
| Number of cases | 96 | 93 | 100 | 124 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.63 (0.46–0.85) | 0.002 | ||
| Green and yellow vegetable intake | 0.71 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 5,704 | 5,559 | 5,346 | 4,874 | ||
| Number of cases | 50 | 42 | 37 | 52 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.51–1.20) | 0.67 (0.43–1.06) | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | 0.53 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,392 | 2,538 | 2,751 | 3,223 | ||
| Number of cases | 87 | 100 | 110 | 80 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.74 (0.53–1.05) | 0.06 | ||
| Total fruit intake | 0.86 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 5,828 | 5,575 | 5,293 | 4,787 | ||
| Number of cases | 52 | 37 | 45 | 47 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.48–1.16) | 0.98 (0.63–1.51) | 1.14 (0.72–1.79) | 0.41 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,268 | 2,522 | 2,804 | 3,310 | ||
| Number of cases | 74 | 89 | 127 | 123 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.77–1.53) | 1.41 (1.01–.97) | 1.18 (0.83–1.68) | 0.41 | ||
| Women | |||||||
| Quartile category | P for trend | Interaction P-value |
|||||
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Total vegetable intake | 0.40 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 6,848 | 6,743 | 6,472 | 6,029 | ||
| Number of cases | 86 | 115 | 113 | 127 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.97–1.73) | 1.23 (0.91–1.65) | 1.43 (1.06–1.93) | 0.04 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,985 | 3,090 | 3,362 | 3,804 | ||
| Number of cases | 160 | 177 | 214 | 250 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 1.12 (0.89–1.42) | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) | 0.04 | ||
| Cruciferous vegetable intake | 0.25 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 6,979 | 6,854 | 6,424 | 5,835 | ||
| Number of cases | 93 | 117 | 121 | 110 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.97–1.72) | 1.36 (1.02–1.82) | 1.32 (0.97–1.79) | 0.08 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 2,854 | 2,979 | 3,410 | 3,998 | ||
| Number of cases | 151 | 187 | 206 | 257 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.92–1.48) | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 0.08 | ||
| Green and yellow vegetable intake | 0.053 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 6,608 | 6,733 | 6,529 | 6,222 | ||
| Number of cases | 89 | 101 | 128 | 123 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.78–1.40) | 1.33 (1.00–1.76) | 1.21 (0.90–1.63) | 0.09 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 3,225 | 3,100 | 3,305 | 3,611 | ||
| Number of cases | 185 | 180 | 199 | 237 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | 1.06 (0.85–1.33) | 0.53 | ||
| Total fruit intake | 0.08 | ||||||
| Age <60 years | Number of participants | 6,700 | 6,666 | 6,433 | 6,293 | ||
| Number of cases | 98 | 92 | 114 | 137 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) | 1.38 (1.03–1.84) | 0.008 | ||
| Age ≥60 years | Number of participants | 3,133 | 3,167 | 3,401 | 3,540 | ||
| Number of cases | 172 | 187 | 230 | 212 | |||
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 1.04 (0.82–1.33) | 0.68 | ||
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, area, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, fruit intake, supplement intake, and fundus photographic examination.
Model 2 was adjusted for age, area, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, vegetable intake, supplement intake, and fundus photographic examination.