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. 2020 Dec 15;11:6388. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20137-9

Fig. 4. Transmission electron microphotographs depicting seasonal variations in chloroplast ultrastructure in pine needles.

Fig. 4

a Chloroplast structure in Autumn, Winter, E. Spring, L. Spring, and Summer. b Histograms of frequency distributions of numbers of thylakoids per granum during the five distinct seasonal periods. The histograms were calculated from 80–100 electron micrographs per season, representing 2–3 chloroplasts per image [Error bars indicate mean ± SD calculated from n = 1124 (Autumn), 1235 (Winter), 521 (Early Spring), 578 (Late Spring) and 1048 (Summer) of grana stacks].