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. 2020 Dec 15;3:774. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01514-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Intracellular NAD⁺ and NADH levels were altered and b NAD⁺/NADH ratio decreased during culture expansion of hMSCs. c Immunocytochemistry of Sirt-1 expression in culture-expanded hMSCs. d Sirt-1 and e Sirt-3 protein levels characterized by flow cytometry. MFI mean fluorescence intensity. f mRNA levels of Sirt-1 and Sirt-3 in hMSCs. g Genes in DNA repair and mitochondria (PARP1, PGC1, and TFAM) regulated by Sirt-1 in hMSCs at different passages. h FOXO pathways (FOXO1 and FOXO3) regulated by Sirt-1 and Sirt-3, determined by RT-PCR. i Sirt-1, Sirt-3, and PGC-1α protein levels during culture expansion of hMSCs determined by Western blot. Biological replicates (n): n = 3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.