TABLE 3.
Pooled prevalences and estimated sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats
| Variables | Population | Pooled estimate prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Heterogeneity chi‐squared (χ2) | l 2% | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World region | ||||||
| Africa‐Asia estimate | 243,864 | 39.46 | 37.23–41.69 | 130,000 | 99.8 | <.0001 |
| Africa | 84,822 | 40.99 | 37.20–44.79 | 68,670.75 | 99.8 | <.0001 |
| Asia | 159,042 | 38.43 | 35.64–41.22 | 64,331.34 | 99.7 | <.0001 |
| Age | ||||||
| Young (≤1 year) | 25,059 | 35.99 | 31.12–40.87 | 6,235.86 | 99.3 | <.0001 |
| Adult (>1 year) | 26,879 | 39.91 | 33.70–46.12 | 10,675.58 | 99.5 | <.0001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 11,171 | 35.14 | 30.28–40.01 | 1929.90 | 97.5 | <.0001 |
| Female | 23,168 | 41.00 | 35.09–46.91 | 5,307.65 | 99.1 | <.0001 |
| Origin of sample | ||||||
| Abattoir | 2,192 | 42.72 | 37.97–47.47 | 16.86 | 70.3 | <.0001 |
| Farm | 25,305 | 42.70 | 36.40–49.01 | 16,225.88 | 99.7 | <.0001 |
| Free range flocks | 9,488 | 39.33 | 32.32–46.34 | 5,827.96 | 99.4 | <.0001 |
| Hospital | 42,123 | 30.15 | 26.95–33.36 | 7,532.16 | 99.5 | <.0001 |
| House hold flocks | 19,204 | 37.38 | 32.22–46.53 | 24,957.71 | 99.8 | <.0001 |
| Mixed flocks | 83,976 | 40.76 | 36.43–45.09 | 15,715.13 | 99.5 | <.0001 |
| Methods of detection | ||||||
| IHC | 362 | 32.32 | 7.76–56.87 | 49.15 | 95.9 | <.0001 |
| PCR | 2,453 | 48.03 | 36.32–59.74 | 1,476.29 | 98.0 | <.0001 |
| Serology | 163,886 | 40.13 | 37.45–42.81 | 84,175.68 | 99.7 | <.0001 |
| Symptomatic | 77,163 | 33.30 | 28.06–38.55 | 45,212.97 | 99.9 | <.0001 |
| Study duration | ||||||
| ≤6 | 38,327 | 41.47 | 36.09–46.85 | 31,834.92 | 99.7 | <.0001 |
| >6 to ≤12 | 74,100 | 31.39 | 28.37–34.42 | 16,186.05 | 99.6 | <.0001 |
| >12 | 97,644 | 38.64 | 35.92–45.07 | 63,650.34 | 99.6 | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; I 2: inverse variance index; χ2, Cochran's Q chi‐square.