Table 1.
Patient characteristics depending on plasma-soluble α-Klotho concentrations.
| <487.7 (N = 72) | 487.7–813.5 (N = 74) | ≥813.5 (N = 71) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soluble α-Klotho tertiles | |||
| Soluble α-Klotho (pg/mL) | 336.1 (200.7–420.3) | 636.4 (581.2–725.6) | 1055.7 (915.5–1271.7) |
| Age (years) | 72 ± 11 | 71 ± 11 | 72 ± 11 |
| Sex (men/women) | 33/39 | 35/39 | 31/40 |
| Previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (n (%)) | 12 (16.7) | 16 (21.6) | 14 (19.7) |
| Concomitant diseases | |||
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 63 (87.5) | 60 (81.1) | 63 (88.7) |
| Ischemic heart disease (n (%)) | 16 (22.2) | 27 (36.5) | 20 (28.2) |
| Atrial fibrillation (n (%)) | 16 (22.2) | 23 (31.1) | 27 (38.0) |
| Obesity (n (%)) | 13 (18.1) | 9 (12.2) | 20 (28.2)∗ |
| Diabetes (n (%)) | 27 (37.5) | 28 (37.8) | 24 (33.8) |
| Hypercholesterolemia (n (%)) | 35 (48.6) | 32 (43.2) | 34 (47.9) |
| Medications before stroke | |||
| Aspirin (n (%)) | 36 (50.7) | 36 (48.6) | 35 (50.0) |
| Statin therapy (n (%)) | 32 (44.4) | 26 (35.1) | 26 (36.6) |
| Antithrombotic agents (n (%)) | 8 (11.1) | 13 (17.6) | 6 (8.5) |
| Addictions | |||
| Active smokers (n (%)) | 17 (23.6) | 16 (21.6) | 12 (16.9) |
| Addicted to alcohol (n (%)) | 4 (5.6) | 4 (5.4) | 2 (2.8) |
| Type of stroke | |||
| Large vessel occlusion (n (%)) | 41 (56.9) | 33 (44.6) | 32 (45.1) |
| Lacunar (n (%)) | 20 (27.8) | 20 (27.0) | 16 (22.5) |
| Embolic (n (%)) | 11 (15.3) | 21 (28.4) | 23 (32.4) |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.19 ± 1.65 | 5.02 ± 1.31 | 5.00 ± 1.57 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.19 ± 1.10 | 3.26 ± 1.30 | 3.03 ± 1.17 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.33 ± 0.36 | 1.40 ± 0.37 | 1.44 ± 0.39 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.46 (1.12–2.16) | 1.34 (0.98–1.82) | 1.36 (1.06–1.85) |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 80.9 (69.4–92.2) | 83.1 (69.7–99.0) | 78.5 (70.0–89.3) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate—eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 71.0 ± 24.2 | 68.2 ± 28.4 | 70.0 ± 21.2 |
| CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria) (n (%)) | 26 (36.1) | 28 (37.8) | 26 (36.6) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 5.31 (1.99–13.80) | 2.86∗ (1.10–8.21) | 4.36∗ (2.44–8.43) |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 2.34 (2.22–2.46) | 2.29 (2.15–2.46) | 2.29 (2.20–2.44) |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 1.09 (0.97–1.26) | 1.11 (0.95–1.36) | 1.16 (1.01–1.48) |
| Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 42.1 (28.8–60.6) | 35.9 (22.0–59.6) | 41.7 (29.7–56.3) |
| Intact fibroblast growth factor 23—iFGF23 (pg/mL) | 40.3 (16.6–84.3) | 50.2 (12.6–83.6) | 66.4 (34.0–92.2) |
| Klotho/iFGF23 | 6.8 (2.9–21.5) | 13.6 (8.3–51.9) | 18.8 (10.1–32.7) |
| Overall survival (OS) and stroke-free survival (SFS) | |||
| 12-month OS (n (%)) | 60 (83.3) | 55 (74.3) | 51 (71.8) |
| 24-month OS (n (%)) | 57 (79.2) | 46 (62.2) | 47 (66.2) |
| 36-month OS (n (%)) | 45 (62.5) | 44 (59.5) | 39 (54.9) |
| 12-month SFS (n (%)) | 60 (83.3) | 55 (74.3) | 51 (71.8) |
| 24-month SFS (n (%)) | 57 (79.2) | 45 (60.8)∗ | 46 (64.8) |
| 36-month SFS (n (%)) | 44 (61.1) | 43 (58.1) | 36 (50.7) |
Mean ± standard deviation or median (lower quartile-upper quartile). ∗p < 0.05.