Figure 2.

Dextromethorphan alleviated the increase in LPS-induced TNF-α expression in primary microglial cells. Lysates were probed by immunoblotting with antibodies against TNF-α and β-tubulin (which served as an internal loading control). The levels of TNF-α expression were shown as the ratio of the TNF-α/β-tubulin signal intensity for each experiment. Each group was derived from ten independent experiments. The experimental groups were as follows: (C) control, (DM) DM alone, (LPS) LPS alone, and (DM+LPS) DM plus LPS. ^∗p < 0.05, compared to the control group. ^#p < 0.05, compared to the LPS-alone group.