Table 3.
Treatments Provided, Complications, and Outcomes of COVID-19 ICU Patients.
| All COVID-19 ICU Patients (n = 103) |
Survivors COVID-19 ICU Patients (n = 40) |
Deceased COVID-19 ICU Patients (n = 63) |
p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remdesivir | 14 (13.6) | 5 (12.5) | 9 (14.3) | 0.7727 |
| Tocilizumab | 40 (38.9) | 15 (37.5) | 25 (39.7) | 0.8247 |
| Convalescent Plasma | 9 (8.7) | 1 (2.5) | 8 (12.7) | 0.1484b |
| Chemical Neuromuscular Blockade | 36 (35.0) | 8 (20) | 28 (44.4) | 0.0140 |
| Prone Positioning | 24 (23.3) | 4 (10) | 20 (31.7) | 0.0109 |
| ARDS | 102 (99.0) | 39 (97.5) | 63 (100) | 0.3883b |
| Mild ARDS | 6 (5.8) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (4.8) | 0.6751b |
| Moderate ARDS | 22 (21.4) | 15 (37.5) | 7 (11.1) | 0.0014 |
| Severe ARDS | 76 (73.8) | 22 (55) | 54 (85.7) | 0.0006 |
| Shock Resulting in Vasopressor Requirement | 91 (88.3) | 30 (75) | 61 (96.8) | 0.0026b |
| Infectious Complications | ||||
| Bacterial Pneumonia | 42 (40.8) | 21 (52.5) | 21 (33.3) | 0.0620 |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 20 (19.4) | 8 (20) | 12 (19) | 0.9052 |
| Bacteremia | 22 (21.3) | 5 (12.5) | 17 (27) | 0.0805 |
| Clostridium Difficile | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | >0.999b |
| Acute Kidney Injury | 74 (71.8) | 22 (55) | 52 (82.5) | 0.0041 |
| Renal Replacement Therapy | 28 (27.2) | 9 (22.5) | 19 (30.2) | 0.3945 |
| Acute Hepatic Injury | 7 (6.8) | 0 | 7 (11.1) | 0.0411b |
| Venous Thromboembolism | ||||
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | 3 (2.9) | 3 (7.5) | 0 | 0.0559b |
| Pulmonary Embolism | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (3.2) | >0.999b |
| Cardiac Complications | ||||
| Arrhythmia | 32 (31.1) | 10 (25) | 22 (34.9) | 0.2890 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 4 (3.9) | 0 | 4 (6.3) | 0.1554b |
| Cardiomyopathy | 8 (7.8) | 1 (2.5) | 7 (11.1) | 0.1462b |
| Pneumothorax | 8 (7.8) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (7.9) | >0.999b |
| Neurological Complications | ||||
| Seizures | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | >0.999b |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | >0.999b |
| Intracranial Hemorrhage | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | >0.999b |
| Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) | ||||
| Ventilator on admission, n (%) | 36 (35.0) | 11 (27.5) | 25 (39.7) | 0.2063 |
| Hospital days prior to IMV, median (IQR)* | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 0.9130 |
| Ventilator Days, median (IQR) | 9.0 (11.0) | 10.0 (11.0) | 8.0 (10.0) | 0.7759 |
| ICU Length of Stay, median (IQR), days | 11.0 (12.0) | 14.0 (13.0) | 9.0 (10.0) | 0.0400 |
| Hospital Length of Stay, median (IQR), days | 16.0 (13.0) | 22.0 (13.0) | 12.0 (9.0) | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, Interquartile Range; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
a Except where indicated otherwise, bivariate comparisons tested by Pearson Chi-Square test or 2-sided Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test (continuous variables).
b Bivariate comparison tested by Fisher’s Exact Test due to small cell counts.
* Hospital days prior to IMV calculated among patients who did not require IMV upon admission.