A 58-year-old male diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. (A) An axial ADC map showed a hypointense mass in the left pulmonary lobe (red arrow), with an ADC value of 0.82×10-3mm2/s. (B) A diffusion map (D) demonstrating a reduced D value (0.69×10-3 mm2/s). (C) A pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) map demonstrating a D* value of 16.01x10-3 mm2/s. (D) A perfusion fraction (f) map showing an f value of 14.17%. (E) A diffusion map (Dapp) showing a Dapp value of 1.03×10-3 mm2/s. (F) A kurtosis map showing a Kapp value of 1.14. (G) Small cell lung cancer was confirmed by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (magnification, × 400; scale bar, 100 µm). (H) Ki-67 immunohistochemical labeling shows that approximately 90% of cells are positive for nuclear staining (magnification, × 400, scale bar, 100 µm). ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; D: true diffusion coefficient, D* value: the perfusion-related pseudodiffusion coefficient; f: perfusion fraction; Kapp: diffusion kurtosis; Dapp: diffusivity.