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. 2020 Jul 13;13:100240. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100240

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

LDN/OSU-215111 prevents cognitive deficits in mice exposed to GW agents and stress. Male GWI/vehicle mice showed a significant decrease in the time spent exploring the novel object, but not the total time of exploration in the novel object recognition test (A–B) and an increase in the latency to find the target hole and a decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trial of Barnes maze test (C–D), indicating memory deficits. LDN/OSU-215111 partially prevented these deficits. Female GWI/vehicle mice showed a decline (not statistically significant) in cognitive functions. n = 15–18 males and n = 16–18 females each group. (E–F) LTP assessment. Male GWI/vehicle mice showed a significant decrease in fEPSP LTP, and LDN/OSU-215111 treatment prevented the decrease. LTP was performed on CA1 apical dendrites. n = 16–24 sections, 5–7 mice per group. No significant difference was found in female mice. n = 8–13 sections, 4–7 mice per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistics are based on a two-way ANOVA comparison followed by uncorrected Fisher's LSD method for pairwise comparisons. F and P values for two-way ANOVA are shown. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. TBS: theta-burst stimulation.