Table 2.
Clinical intestinal permeability function in gastrointestinal diseases
|
Disease
|
Disease activity
|
Functional probe
|
Intestinal permeability change
|
Ref.
|
| CD | Not reported | C/M | ↑ | Secondulfo et al[135], 2001 |
| Not reported | 51Cr-EDTA | ↑ | Jenkins et al[136], 1987 | |
| Low activity and high activity | Iohexol | Low activity: ↑; high activity: ↑ | Gerova et al[55], 2011 | |
| Low activity and high activity | L/M | Low activity: ↑; high activity: ↑ | Benjamin et al[57], 2008 | |
| Remission, low activity, and high activity | L/M | Remission: ↔; low activity: ↑; high activity: ↑ | Welcker et al[82], 2004 | |
| Remission | L/M | ↑ | Wyatt et al[52], 1993 | |
| Low activity | L/M; L/R; R/M | L/M: ↑; L/R: ↑; R/M: ↔ | Katz et al[30], 1989 | |
| Low activity | L/M; L/R; L/PEG; PEG/M; PEG/R | ↔ | Munkholm et al[45], 1994 | |
| UC | Not reported | 51Cr-EDTA | ↑ | Jenkins et al[136], 1987 |
| Remission, low activity, and high activity | C/M; C/R; L/M; L/R; | Remission: ↔ or ↑1; low activity: ↔ or ↑1; high activity: ↑ | Welcker et al[82], 2004 | |
| Low activity and high activity | Iohexol | Low activity: ↑; high activity: ↑ | Gerova et al[55], 2011 | |
| Remission | L/M; S; Su | ↑ | Büning et al[83], 2012 | |
| Remission | L/M/S/Su/E/R | ↔2 | Wegh et al[81], 2019 | |
| IBS-D | Active | 51Cr-EDTA | ↑ | Gecse et al[103], 2012 |
| 51Cr-EDTA | ↑ | Dunlop et al[102], 2006 | ||
| L/R | ↑ | Mujagic et al[105], 2014 | ||
| L/M | ↑ | Shulman et al[98], 2014 | ||
| L/M | ↑ | Vazquez-Roque et al[100], 2012 | ||
| L/M | ↑ | Zhou et al[104], 2009 | ||
| L/R | ↑ | Zhou et al[137], 2010 |
1
Increased or no change depending on the functional test.
2
Study did not include a true (healthy) control arm. 51Cr-EDTA: Chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate; C: Cellobiose; CD: Crohn’s disease; E: Erythritol; IBS-D: Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; L: Lactulose; M: Mannitol; PEG: PEG400; R: L-rhamnose; S: Sucrose; Su: Sucralose; UC: Ulcerative colitis; ↑: Increase; ↔: No change.