Number of PVT neurons immunolabeled for cFos following the social approach-avoidance test. (A) The number of cFos positive nuclei per mm2 in the anterior (aPVT) and posterior PVT (pPVT) in saline treated rats expressing hM4Di. (B) Number of cFos positive nuclei per mm2 in the PVT. (C) Percentages of PVT neurons double-labeled for cFos and mCherry. (D) Representative images of the PVT showing mCherry + neurons, cFos + neurons, and double-labeled cFos+/mCherry + neurons in an hM4Di + Sal and an hM4Di + Clz case. Data are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Group size n = 4 cases for each bar. Scale bar, 50 μm.